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Observation of two-dimensional discrete solitons in optically induced nonlinear photonic lattices

Author

Listed:
  • Jason W. Fleischer

    (Technion—Israel Institute of Technology
    Princeton University)

  • Mordechai Segev

    (Technion—Israel Institute of Technology
    Princeton University)

  • Nikolaos K. Efremidis

    (University of Central Florida)

  • Demetrios N. Christodoulides

    (University of Central Florida)

Abstract

Nonlinear periodic lattices occur in a large variety of systems, such as biological molecules1, nonlinear optical waveguides2, solid-state systems3 and Bose–Einstein condensates4. The underlying dynamics in these systems is dominated by the interplay between tunnelling between adjacent potential wells and nonlinearity1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15. A balance between these two effects can result in a self-localized state: a lattice or ‘discrete’ soliton1,2. Direct observation of lattice solitons has so far been limited to one-dimensional systems, namely in arrays of nonlinear optical waveguides2,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17. However, many fundamental features are expected to occur in higher dimensions, such as vortex lattice solitons18, bright lattice solitons that carry angular momentum, and three-dimensional collisions between lattice solitons. Here, we report the experimental observation of two-dimensional (2D) lattice solitons. We use optical induction, the interference of two or more plane waves in a photosensitive material, to create a 2D photonic lattice in which the solitons form11,12. Our results pave the way for the realization of a variety of nonlinear localization phenomena in photonic lattices and crystals19,20,21,22,23. Finally, our observation directly relates to the proposed lattice solitons in Bose–Einstein condensates4, which can be observed in optically induced periodic potentials24,25.

Suggested Citation

  • Jason W. Fleischer & Mordechai Segev & Nikolaos K. Efremidis & Demetrios N. Christodoulides, 2003. "Observation of two-dimensional discrete solitons in optically induced nonlinear photonic lattices," Nature, Nature, vol. 422(6928), pages 147-150, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:422:y:2003:i:6928:d:10.1038_nature01452
    DOI: 10.1038/nature01452
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Chen, Guanwei & Ma, Shiwang, 2014. "Homoclinic solutions of discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equations with asymptotically or super linear terms," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 232(C), pages 787-798.
    2. Qiu, Yunli & Malomed, Boris A. & Mihalache, Dumitru & Zhu, Xing & Peng, Jianle & He, Yingji, 2018. "Generation of multivortex ring beams by inhomogeneous effective diffusion," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 30-36.
    3. Adrián Espínola-Rocha, J. & Kevrekidis, P.G., 2009. "Thresholds for soliton creation in the Ablowitz–Ladik lattice," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 80(4), pages 693-706.
    4. Kartashov, Yaroslav V., 2023. "Vortex solitons in large-scale waveguide arrays with adjustable discrete rotational symmetry," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 175(P1).
    5. dos Santos, Mateus C.P., 2024. "Orthogonal multi-peak solitons from the coupled fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    6. Shi, Zeyun & Badshah, Fazal & Qin, Lu, 2023. "Two-dimensional lattice soliton and pattern formation in a cold Rydberg atomic gas with nonlocal self-defocusing Kerr nonlinearity," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    7. Panajotov, Krassimir & Tlidi, Mustapha & Song, Yufeng & Zhang, Han, 2022. "Discrete vector light bullets in coupled χ3 nonlinear cavities," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    8. Peng Wang & Qidong Fu & Ruihan Peng & Yaroslav V. Kartashov & Lluis Torner & Vladimir V. Konotop & Fangwei Ye, 2022. "Two-dimensional Thouless pumping of light in photonic moiré lattices," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
    9. El-Nabulsi, Rami Ahmad & Anukool, Waranont, 2023. "A family of nonlinear Schrodinger equations and their solitons solutions," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    10. Li, S.R. & Bao, Y.Y. & Liu, Y.H. & Xu, T.F., 2022. "Bright solitons in fractional coupler with spatially periodical modulated nonlinearity," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    11. Li, Chunyan & Konotop, Vladimir V. & Malomed, Boris A. & Kartashov, Yaroslav V., 2023. "Bound states in Bose-Einstein condensates with radially-periodic spin-orbit coupling," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    12. Cabanas, A.M. & Vélez, J.A. & Pérez, L.M. & Díaz, P. & Clerc, M.G. & Laroze, D. & Malomed, B.A., 2021. "Dissipative structures in a parametrically driven dissipative lattice: Chimera, localized disorder, continuous-wave, and staggered states," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    13. Feng, Bao-Feng & Chan, Youn-Sha, 2007. "Intrinsic localized modes in a three particle Fermi–Pasta–Ulam lattice with on-site harmonic potential," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 74(4), pages 292-301.
    14. Bao, Y.Y. & Li, S.R. & Liu, Y.H. & Xu, T.F., 2022. "Gap solitons and nonlinear Bloch waves in fractional quantum coupler with periodic potential," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    15. Pawel S. Jung & Georgios G. Pyrialakos & Fan O. Wu & Midya Parto & Mercedeh Khajavikhan & Wieslaw Krolikowski & Demetrios N. Christodoulides, 2022. "Thermal control of the topological edge flow in nonlinear photonic lattices," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-7, December.

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