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Molecular basis of seasonal time measurement in Arabidopsis

Author

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  • Marcelo J. Yanovsky

    (The Scripps Research Institute)

  • Steve A. Kay

    (The Scripps Research Institute)

Abstract

Several organisms have evolved the ability to measure daylength, or photoperiod, allowing them to adjust their development in anticipation of annual seasonal changes. Daylength measurement requires the integration of temporal information, provided by the circadian system, with light/dark discrimination, initiated by specific photoreceptors. Here we demonstrate that in Arabidopsis this integration takes place at the level of CONSTANS (CO)1 function. CO is a transcriptional activator that accelerates flowering time in long days, at least in part by inducing the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)2,3,4,5. First, we show that precise clock control of the timing of CO expression, such that it is high during daytime only in long days, is critical for daylength discrimination. We then provide evidence that CO activation of FT expression requires the presence of light perceived through cryptochrome 2 (cry2) or phytochrome A (phyA). We conclude that an external coincidence mechanism, based on the endogenous circadian control of CO messenger RNA levels, and the modulation of CO function by light, constitutes the molecular basis for the regulation of flowering time by daylength in Arabidopsis.

Suggested Citation

  • Marcelo J. Yanovsky & Steve A. Kay, 2002. "Molecular basis of seasonal time measurement in Arabidopsis," Nature, Nature, vol. 419(6904), pages 308-312, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:419:y:2002:i:6904:d:10.1038_nature00996
    DOI: 10.1038/nature00996
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    Cited by:

    1. Welch, S.M. & Roe, J.L. & Das, S. & Dong, Z. & He, R. & Kirkham, M.B., 2005. "Merging genomic control networks and soil-plant-atmosphere-continuum models," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 86(3), pages 243-274, December.
    2. Filippos Bantis & Anna Gkotzamani & Christodoulos Dangitsis & Athanasios Koukounaras, 2022. "A Light Recipe including Far-Red Wavelength during Healing of Grafted Watermelon Seedlings Enhances the Floral Development and Yield Earliness," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-10, July.
    3. Zhiwei Zhao & Craig Dent & Huafeng Liang & Junqing Lv & Guandong Shang & Yawen Liu & Fan Feng & Fei Wang & Junhong Pang & Xu Li & Libang Ma & Bing Li & Sridevi Sureshkumar & Jia-Wei Wang & Sureshkumar, 2022. "CRY2 interacts with CIS1 to regulate thermosensory flowering via FLM alternative splicing," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-15, December.
    4. Ling-Zi Li & Zhou-Geng Xu & Tian-Gen Chang & Long Wang & Heng Kang & Dong Zhai & Lu-Yi Zhang & Peng Zhang & Hongtao Liu & Xin-Guang Zhu & Jia-Wei Wang, 2023. "Common evolutionary trajectory of short life-cycle in Brassicaceae ruderal weeds," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-15, December.
    5. Singh, Devesh & Basu, Chandrajit & Meinhardt-Wollweber, Merve & Roth, Bernhard, 2015. "LEDs for energy efficient greenhouse lighting," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 139-147.

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