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Fluidity of water confined to subnanometre films

Author

Listed:
  • Uri Raviv

    (Weizmann Institute of Science)

  • Pierre Laurat

    (Service Recherche Technologies et Systèmes, LEGRAND SA 128)

  • Jacob Klein

    (Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory)

Abstract

The fluidity of water in confined geometries is relevant to processes ranging from tribology to protein folding, and its molecular mobility in pores and slits has been extensively studied using a variety of approaches1,2,3,4,5,6. Studies in which liquid flow is measured directly suggest that the viscosity of aqueous electrolytes confined to films of thickness greater than about 2–3 nm remains close to that in the bulk7,8,9; this behaviour is similar to that of non-associative organic liquids confined to films thicker than about 7–8 molecular layers8,10,11. Here we observe that the effective viscosity of water remains within a factor of three of its bulk value, even when it is confined to films in the thickness range 3.5 ± 1 to 0.0 ± 0.4 nm. This contrasts markedly with the behaviour of organic solvents, whose viscosity diverges when confined to films thinner than about 5–8 molecular layers10,11,12,13,14,15. We attribute this to the fundamentally different mechanisms of solidification in the two cases. For non-associative liquids, confinement promotes solidification by suppressing translational freedom of the molecules11,15,16,17,18; however, in the case of water, confinement seems primarily to suppress the formation of the highly directional hydrogen-bonded networks associated with freezing1,3.

Suggested Citation

  • Uri Raviv & Pierre Laurat & Jacob Klein, 2001. "Fluidity of water confined to subnanometre films," Nature, Nature, vol. 413(6851), pages 51-54, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:413:y:2001:i:6851:d:10.1038_35092523
    DOI: 10.1038/35092523
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    Cited by:

    1. Stanley, H.E. & Kumar, P. & Xu, L. & Yan, Z. & Mazza, M.G. & Buldyrev, S.V. & Chen, S.-H. & Mallamace, F., 2007. "The puzzling unsolved mysteries of liquid water: Some recent progress," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 386(2), pages 729-743.
    2. Qin, Xiangjie & Wu, Jinsui & Xia, Yuxuan & Wang, Han & Cai, Jianchao, 2024. "Multicomponent image-based modeling of water flow in heterogeneous wet shale nanopores," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).

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