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Energy transduction in the F1 motor of ATP synthase

Author

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  • Hongyun Wang

    (University of California)

  • George Oster

    (University of California)

Abstract

ATP synthase is the universal enzyme that manufactures ATP from ADP and phosphate by using the energy derived from a transmembrane protonmotive gradient. It can also reverse itself and hydrolyse ATP to pump protons against an electrochemical gradient. ATP synthase carries out both its synthetic and hydrolytic cycles by a rotary mechanism1,2,3,4. This has been confirmed in the direction of hydrolysis5,6 after isolation of the soluble F1 portion of the protein and visualization of the actual rotation of the central ‘shaft’ of the enzyme with respect to the rest of the molecule, making ATP synthase the world's smallest rotary engine. Here we present a model for this engine that accounts for its mechanochemical behaviour in both the hydrolysing and synthesizing directions. We conclude that the F1 motor achieves its high mechanical torque and almost 100% efficiency because it converts the free energy of ATP binding into elastic strain, which is then released by a coordinated kinetic and tightly coupled conformational mechanism to create a rotary torque.

Suggested Citation

  • Hongyun Wang & George Oster, 1998. "Energy transduction in the F1 motor of ATP synthase," Nature, Nature, vol. 396(6708), pages 279-282, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:396:y:1998:i:6708:d:10.1038_24409
    DOI: 10.1038/24409
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    Cited by:

    1. Hao, Qing-Yi & Jiang, Rui & Hu, Mao-Bin & Wu, Chao-Yun & Guo, Ning, 2022. "Analytical investigation on totally asymmetric simple exclusion process with Langmuir kinetics and a parallel update with two sub-steps," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    2. J. Kishikawa & A. Nakanishi & A. Nakano & S. Saeki & A. Furuta & T. Kato & K. Mistuoka & K. Yokoyama, 2022. "Structural snapshots of V/A-ATPase reveal the rotary catalytic mechanism of rotary ATPases," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Tyler H. Ogunmowo & Haoyuan Jing & Sumana Raychaudhuri & Grant F. Kusick & Yuuta Imoto & Shuo Li & Kie Itoh & Ye Ma & Haani Jafri & Matthew B. Dalva & Edwin R. Chapman & Taekjip Ha & Shigeki Watanabe , 2023. "Membrane compression by synaptic vesicle exocytosis triggers ultrafast endocytosis," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-16, December.
    4. Carlos G. Rodellar & José M. Gisbert-Gonzalez & Francisco Sarabia & Beatriz Roldan Cuenya & Sebastian Z. Oener, 2024. "Ion solvation kinetics in bipolar membranes and at electrolyte–metal interfaces," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 9(5), pages 548-558, May.

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