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Improving cyclability of Li metal batteries at elevated temperatures and its origin revealed by cryo-electron microscopy

Author

Listed:
  • Jiangyan Wang

    (Stanford University)

  • William Huang

    (Stanford University)

  • Allen Pei

    (Stanford University)

  • Yuzhang Li

    (Stanford University)

  • Feifei Shi

    (Stanford University)

  • Xiaoyun Yu

    (Stanford University)

  • Yi Cui

    (Stanford University
    Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory)

Abstract

Operations of lithium-ion batteries have long been limited to a narrow temperature range close to room temperature. At elevated temperatures, cycling degradation speeds up due to enhanced side reactions, especially when high-reactivity lithium metal is used as the anode. Here, we demonstrate enhanced performance in lithium metal batteries operated at elevated temperatures. In an ether-based electrolyte at 60 °C, an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.3% is obtained and more than 300 stable cycles are realized, but, at 20 °C, the Coulombic efficiency drops dramatically within 75 cycles, corresponding to an average Coulombic efficiency of 90.2%. Cryo-electron microscopy reveals a drastically different solid electrolyte interface nanostructure emerging at 60 °C, which maintains mechanical stability, inhibits continuous side reactions and guarantees good cycling stability and low electrochemical impedance. Furthermore, larger lithium particles grown at the elevated temperature reduce the electrolyte/electrode interfacial area, which decreases the per-cycle lithium loss and enables higher Coulombic efficiencies.

Suggested Citation

  • Jiangyan Wang & William Huang & Allen Pei & Yuzhang Li & Feifei Shi & Xiaoyun Yu & Yi Cui, 2019. "Improving cyclability of Li metal batteries at elevated temperatures and its origin revealed by cryo-electron microscopy," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 4(8), pages 664-670, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natene:v:4:y:2019:i:8:d:10.1038_s41560-019-0413-3
    DOI: 10.1038/s41560-019-0413-3
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    Cited by:

    1. Minsung Baek & Jinyoung Kim & Kwanghoon Jeong & Seonmo Yang & Heejin Kim & Jimin Lee & Minkwan Kim & Ki Jae Kim & Jang Wook Choi, 2023. "Naked metallic skin for homo-epitaxial deposition in lithium metal batteries," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    2. Solomon T. Oyakhire & Wenbo Zhang & Andrew Shin & Rong Xu & David T. Boyle & Zhiao Yu & Yusheng Ye & Yufei Yang & James A. Raiford & William Huang & Joel R. Schneider & Yi Cui & Stacey F. Bent, 2022. "Electrical resistance of the current collector controls lithium morphology," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
    3. Mengyao Tang & Shuai Dong & Jiawei Wang & Liwei Cheng & Qiaonan Zhu & Yanmei Li & Xiuyi Yang & Lin Guo & Hua Wang, 2023. "Low-temperature anode-free potassium metal batteries," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.

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