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Reduction of lead leakage from damaged lead halide perovskite solar modules using self-healing polymer-based encapsulation

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  • Yan Jiang

    (Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University
    Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology)

  • Longbin Qiu

    (Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University)

  • Emilio J. Juarez-Perez

    (Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University)

  • Luis K. Ono

    (Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University)

  • Zhanhao Hu

    (Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University)

  • Zonghao Liu

    (Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University)

  • Zhifang Wu

    (Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University)

  • Lingqiang Meng

    (Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University)

  • Qijing Wang

    (Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University)

  • Yabing Qi

    (Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University)

Abstract

In recent years, the major factors that determine commercialization of perovskite photovoltaic technology have been shifting from solar cell performance to stability, reproducibility, device upscaling and the prevention of lead (Pb) leakage from the module over the device service life. Here we simulate a realistic scenario in which perovskite modules with different encapsulation methods are mechanically damaged by a hail impact (modified FM 44787 standard) and quantitatively measure the Pb leakage rates under a variety of weather conditions. We demonstrate that the encapsulation method based on an epoxy resin reduces the Pb leakage rate by a factor of 375 compared with the encapsulation method based on a glass cover with an ultraviolet-cured resin at the module edges. The greater Pb leakage reduction of the epoxy resin encapsulation is associated with its optimal self-healing characteristics under the operating conditions and with its increased mechanical strength. These findings strongly suggest that perovskite photovoltaic products can be deployed with minimal Pb leakage if appropriate encapsulation is employed.

Suggested Citation

  • Yan Jiang & Longbin Qiu & Emilio J. Juarez-Perez & Luis K. Ono & Zhanhao Hu & Zonghao Liu & Zhifang Wu & Lingqiang Meng & Qijing Wang & Yabing Qi, 2019. "Reduction of lead leakage from damaged lead halide perovskite solar modules using self-healing polymer-based encapsulation," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 4(7), pages 585-593, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natene:v:4:y:2019:i:7:d:10.1038_s41560-019-0406-2
    DOI: 10.1038/s41560-019-0406-2
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Liang, Yanan & Kleijn, René & van der Voet, Ester, 2023. "Increase in demand for critical materials under IEA Net-Zero emission by 2050 scenario," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 346(C).
    2. Sai Liu & Yang Li & Ying Wang & Yuwei Du & Kin Man Yu & Hin-Lap Yip & Alex K. Y. Jen & Baoling Huang & Chi Yan Tso, 2024. "Mask-inspired moisture-transmitting and durable thermochromic perovskite smart windows," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Bo Chen & Chengbin Fei & Shangshang Chen & Hangyu Gu & Xun Xiao & Jinsong Huang, 2021. "Recycling lead and transparent conductors from perovskite solar modules," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-10, December.
    4. Zhuang Zhang & Huanhuan Wang & T. Jesper Jacobsson & Jingshan Luo, 2022. "Big data driven perovskite solar cell stability analysis," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, December.
    5. Tong Wang & Jiabao Yang & Qi Cao & Xingyu Pu & Yuke Li & Hui Chen & Junsong Zhao & Yixin Zhang & Xingyuan Chen & Xuanhua Li, 2023. "Room temperature nondestructive encapsulation via self-crosslinked fluorosilicone polymer enables damp heat-stable sustainable perovskite solar cells," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    6. Bahram Abdollahi Nejand & David B. Ritzer & Hang Hu & Fabian Schackmar & Somayeh Moghadamzadeh & Thomas Feeney & Roja Singh & Felix Laufer & Raphael Schmager & Raheleh Azmi & Milian Kaiser & Tobias Ab, 2022. "Scalable two-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar modules with a 19.1% efficiency," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 7(7), pages 620-630, July.
    7. Raman, Rohith Kumar & Gurusamy Thangavelu, Senthil A. & Venkataraj, Selvaraj & Krishnamoorthy, Ananthanarayanan, 2021. "Materials, methods and strategies for encapsulation of perovskite solar cells: From past to present," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).

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