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Study of 300,486 individuals identifies 148 independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function

Author

Listed:
  • Gail Davies

    (The University of Edinburgh)

  • Max Lam

    (Institute of Mental Health)

  • Sarah E. Harris

    (The University of Edinburgh
    University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital)

  • Joey W. Trampush

    (BrainWorkup, LLC
    Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California)

  • Michelle Luciano

    (The University of Edinburgh)

  • W. David Hill

    (The University of Edinburgh)

  • Saskia P. Hagenaars

    (The University of Edinburgh
    Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London)

  • Stuart J. Ritchie

    (The University of Edinburgh)

  • Riccardo E. Marioni

    (The University of Edinburgh
    University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital)

  • Chloe Fawns-Ritchie

    (The University of Edinburgh)

  • David C. M. Liewald

    (The University of Edinburgh)

  • Judith A. Okely

    (The University of Edinburgh)

  • Ari V. Ahola-Olli

    (University of Turku
    Satakunta Central Hospital)

  • Catriona L. K. Barnes

    (Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place)

  • Lars Bertram

    (Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics)

  • Joshua C. Bis

    (University of Washington)

  • Katherine E. Burdick

    (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
    Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 3), James J. Peters VA Medical Center
    Harvard Medical School)

  • Andrea Christoforou

    (University of Bergen
    Haukeland University Hospital)

  • Pamela DeRosse

    (Institute of Mental Health
    Feinstein Institute for Medical Research)

  • Srdjan Djurovic

    (University of Bergen
    Oslo University Hospital, University of Bergen)

  • Thomas Espeseth

    (University of Oslo
    Oslo University Hospital)

  • Stella Giakoumaki

    (University of Crete)

  • Sudheer Giddaluru

    (University of Bergen
    Haukeland University Hospital)

  • Daniel E. Gustavson

    (University of California
    University of California)

  • Caroline Hayward

    (Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh
    University of Edinburgh)

  • Edith Hofer

    (Medical University of Graz
    Medical University of Graz)

  • M. Arfan Ikram

    (Erasmus University Medical Center
    Erasmus University Medical Center
    Erasmus University Medical Center)

  • Robert Karlsson

    (Karolinska Institutet)

  • Emma Knowles

    (Yale University School of Medicine)

  • Jari Lahti

    (Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki
    University of Helsinki)

  • Markus Leber

    (University of Cologne)

  • Shuo Li

    (Boston University School of Public Health)

  • Karen A. Mather

    (School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales)

  • Ingrid Melle

    (University of Bergen
    University of Oslo)

  • Derek Morris

    (National University of Ireland Galway)

  • Christopher Oldmeadow

    (University of Newcastle)

  • Teemu Palviainen

    (Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki)

  • Antony Payton

    (The University of Manchester)

  • Raha Pazoki

    (School of Public Health, Imperial College London)

  • Katja Petrovic

    (Medical University of Graz)

  • Chandra A. Reynolds

    (University of California Riverside)

  • Muralidharan Sargurupremraj

    (University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center)

  • Markus Scholz

    (Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig
    LIFE—Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig)

  • Jennifer A. Smith

    (University of Michigan
    Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan)

  • Albert V. Smith

    (Icelandic Heart Association
    University of Iceland)

  • Natalie Terzikhan

    (Erasmus University Medical Center
    Ghent University Hospital)

  • Anbupalam Thalamuthu

    (School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales)

  • Stella Trompet

    (Leiden University Medical Center)

  • Sven J. Lee

    (Erasmus University Medical Center)

  • Erin B. Ware

    (Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan)

  • B. Gwen Windham

    (University of Mississippi Medical Center)

  • Margaret J. Wright

    (University of Queensland
    University of Queensland)

  • Jingyun Yang

    (Rush University Medical Center
    Rush University Medical Center)

  • Jin Yu

    (Feinstein Institute for Medical Research)

  • David Ames

    (Royal Melbourne Hospital
    University of Melbourne, St George’s Hospital)

  • Najaf Amin

    (Erasmus University Medical Center)

  • Philippe Amouyel

    (Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-LabEx DISTALZ)

  • Ole A. Andreassen

    (University of Oslo
    Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo)

  • Nicola J. Armstrong

    (Murdoch University)

  • Amelia A. Assareh

    (School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales)

  • John R. Attia

    (University of Newcastle)

  • Deborah Attix

    (Duke University Medical Center
    Duke University Medical Center)

  • Dimitrios Avramopoulos

    (Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
    Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine)

  • David A. Bennett

    (Rush University Medical Center
    Rush University Medical Center)

  • Anne C. Böhmer

    (Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn
    Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn)

  • Patricia A. Boyle

    (Rush University Medical Center
    Rush University Medical Center)

  • Henry Brodaty

    (School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales
    University of New South Wales)

  • Harry Campbell

    (Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place)

  • Tyrone D. Cannon

    (Yale University)

  • Elizabeth T. Cirulli

    (Human Longevity Inc)

  • Eliza Congdon

    (UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior)

  • Emily Drabant Conley

    (23andMe, Inc.)

  • Janie Corley

    (The University of Edinburgh)

  • Simon R. Cox

    (The University of Edinburgh)

  • Anders M. Dale

    (University of California
    University of California, San Diego
    University of California, San Diego
    University of California, San Diego)

  • Abbas Dehghan

    (School of Public Health, Imperial College London
    School of Public Health, Imperial College London)

  • Danielle Dick

    (Virginia Commonwealth University)

  • Dwight Dickinson

    (Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health)

  • Johan G. Eriksson

    (National Institute for Health and Welfare
    University of Helsinki
    Helsinki University Central Hospital, Unit of General Practice
    Folkhälsan Research Centre)

  • Evangelos Evangelou

    (School of Public Health, Imperial College London
    National Institute for Health and Welfare)

  • Jessica D. Faul

    (Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan)

  • Ian Ford

    (Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow)

  • Nelson A. Freimer

    (UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior)

  • He Gao

    (School of Public Health, Imperial College London)

  • Ina Giegling

    (Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg)

  • Nathan A. Gillespie

    (Virginia Commonwealth University)

  • Scott D. Gordon

    (QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute)

  • Rebecca F. Gottesman

    (Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
    Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health)

  • Michael E. Griswold

    (University of Mississippi Medical Center)

  • Vilmundur Gudnason

    (Icelandic Heart Association
    University of Iceland)

  • Tamara B. Harris

    (Intramural Research Program National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health)

  • Annette M. Hartmann

    (Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg)

  • Alex Hatzimanolis

    (National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital
    University Mental Health Research Institute
    Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor-Theohari Cozzika Foundation)

  • Gerardo Heiss

    (University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health)

  • Elizabeth G. Holliday

    (University of Newcastle)

  • Peter K. Joshi

    (Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place)

  • Mika Kähönen

    (Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center
    University of Tampere
    Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center—Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere)

  • Sharon L. R. Kardia

    (University of Michigan)

  • Ida Karlsson

    (Karolinska Institutet)

  • Luca Kleineidam

    (University of Cologne
    University of Bonn
    German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)
    University of Bonn)

  • David S. Knopman

    (Mayo Clinic)

  • Nicole A. Kochan

    (School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales
    Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital)

  • Bettina Konte

    (Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg)

  • John B. Kwok

    (Brain and Mind Centre—The University of Sydney
    School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales)

  • Stephanie Hellard

    (University of Bergen
    Haukeland University Hospital)

  • Teresa Lee

    (School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales
    Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital)

  • Terho Lehtimäki

    (University of Tampere
    University of Tampere)

  • Shu-Chen Li

    (Max Planck Institute for Human Development
    Technische Universität Dresden)

  • Christina M. Lill

    (University of Lübeck)

  • Tian Liu

    (Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics
    Max Planck Institute for Human Development)

  • Marisa Koini

    (Medical University of Graz)

  • Edythe London

    (UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior)

  • Will T. Longstreth

    (University of Washington
    University of Washington)

  • Oscar L. Lopez

    (University of Pittsburgh)

  • Anu Loukola

    (Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki)

  • Tobias Luck

    (LIFE—Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig
    Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig)

  • Astri J. Lundervold

    (University of Bergen
    K. G. Jebsen Center for Neuropsychiatry, University of Bergen)

  • Anders Lundquist

    (Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University
    USBE Umeå University)

  • Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen

    (University of Tampere
    University of Tampere)

  • Nicholas G. Martin

    (QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute)

  • Grant W. Montgomery

    (QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
    Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland)

  • Alison D. Murray

    (University of Edinburgh
    The Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen)

  • Anna C. Need

    (Imperial College)

  • Raymond Noordam

    (Leiden University Medical Center)

  • Lars Nyberg

    (Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University
    Umeå University
    Umeå University)

  • William Ollier

    (Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester)

  • Goran Papenberg

    (Max Planck Institute for Human Development
    Aging Research Center, Stockholm University)

  • Alison Pattie

    (School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh)

  • Ozren Polasek

    (Gen-Info LLC
    University of Split)

  • Russell A. Poldrack

    (Stanford University)

  • Bruce M. Psaty

    (University of Washington
    University of Washington
    Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute)

  • Simone Reppermund

    (School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales
    School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales)

  • Steffi G. Riedel-Heller

    (Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig)

  • Richard J. Rose

    (Indiana University)

  • Jerome I. Rotter

    (Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
    Harbor-UCLA Medical Center)

  • Panos Roussos

    (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
    Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
    Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center)

  • Suvi P. Rovio

    (University of Turku)

  • Yasaman Saba

    (Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz)

  • Fred W. Sabb

    (Robert and Beverly Lewis Center for Neuroimaging, University of Oregon)

  • Perminder S. Sachdev

    (School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales
    Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital)

  • Claudia L. Satizabal

    (Boston University School of Medicine
    The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study)

  • Matthias Schmid

    (Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital)

  • Rodney J. Scott

    (University of Newcastle)

  • Matthew A. Scult

    (Duke University)

  • Jeannette Simino

    (University of Mississippi Medical Center)

  • P. Eline Slagboom

    (Leiden University Medical Center)

  • Nikolaos Smyrnis

    (National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital
    University Mental Health Research Institute)

  • Aïcha Soumaré

    (University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center)

  • Nikos C. Stefanis

    (National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital
    University Mental Health Research Institute
    Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor-Theohari Cozzika Foundation)

  • David J. Stott

    (University of Glasgow)

  • Richard E. Straub

    (Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus)

  • Kjetil Sundet

    (University of Oslo
    Oslo University Hospital)

  • Adele M. Taylor

    (School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh)

  • Kent D. Taylor

    (Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
    Harbor-UCLA Medical Center)

  • Ioanna Tzoulaki

    (School of Public Health, Imperial College London
    School of Public Health, Imperial College London
    University of Ioannina Medical School)

  • Christophe Tzourio

    (University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center
    University Hospital of Bordeaux)

  • André Uitterlinden

    (Erasmus University Medical Center
    Erasmus Medical Center)

  • Veronique Vitart

    (Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh)

  • Aristotle N. Voineskos

    (Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto)

  • Jaakko Kaprio

    (Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki
    National Institute for Health and Welfare
    University of Helsinki)

  • Michael Wagner

    (German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)
    University of Bonn)

  • Holger Wagner

    (University of Bonn)

  • Leonie Weinhold

    (Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital)

  • K. Hoyan Wen

    (Erasmus University Medical Center)

  • Elisabeth Widen

    (Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki)

  • Qiong Yang

    (Boston University School of Public Health)

  • Wei Zhao

    (University of Michigan)

  • Hieab H. H. Adams

    (Erasmus University Medical Center
    Erasmus MC)

  • Dan E. Arking

    (Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine)

  • Robert M. Bilder

    (UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior)

  • Panos Bitsios

    (University of Crete)

  • Eric Boerwinkle

    (Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
    Baylor College of Medicine)

  • Ornit Chiba-Falek

    (Duke University Medical Center)

  • Aiden Corvin

    (Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin)

  • Philip L. Jager

    (Columbia University Medical Center
    Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute)

  • Stéphanie Debette

    (University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center
    University Hospital of Bordeaux)

  • Gary Donohoe

    (National University of Ireland Galway)

  • Paul Elliott

    (School of Public Health, Imperial College London
    School of Public Health, Imperial College London)

  • Annette L. Fitzpatrick

    (University of Washington
    University of Washington)

  • Michael Gill

    (Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin)

  • David C. Glahn

    (Yale University School of Medicine)

  • Sara Hägg

    (Karolinska Institutet)

  • Narelle K. Hansell

    (University of Queensland)

  • Ahmad R. Hariri

    (Duke University)

  • M. Kamran Ikram

    (Erasmus University Medical Center
    Erasmus University Medical Center)

  • J. Wouter Jukema

    (Leiden University Medical Center)

  • Eero Vuoksimaa

    (Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki
    University of Helsinki)

  • Matthew C. Keller

    (Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado)

  • William S. Kremen

    (University of California
    University of California)

  • Lenore Launer

    (Intramural Research Program National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health)

  • Ulman Lindenberger

    (Max Planck Institute for Human Development)

  • Aarno Palotie

    (Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki
    Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
    University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital)

  • Nancy L. Pedersen

    (Karolinska Institutet)

  • Neil Pendleton

    (Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, and Manchester Medical School, Institute of Brain, Behaviour, and Mental Health, University of Manchester)

  • David J. Porteous

    (The University of Edinburgh
    University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital
    University of Edinburgh)

  • Katri Räikkönen

    (Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki)

  • Olli T. Raitakari

    (University of Turku
    Turku University Hospital)

  • Alfredo Ramirez

    (University of Cologne
    Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn
    University of Bonn)

  • Ivar Reinvang

    (Oslo University Hospital)

  • Igor Rudan

    (Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place)

  • Rujescu

    (Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg)

  • Reinhold Schmidt

    (Medical University of Graz)

  • Helena Schmidt

    (Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz)

  • Peter W. Schofield

    (School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle)

  • Peter R. Schofield

    (Neuroscience Research Australia
    Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales)

  • John M. Starr

    (The University of Edinburgh
    Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh)

  • Vidar M. Steen

    (University of Bergen
    Haukeland University Hospital)

  • Julian N. Trollor

    (School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales
    School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales)

  • Steven T. Turner

    (Mayo Clinic)

  • Cornelia M. Duijn

    (Erasmus University Medical Center)

  • Arno Villringer

    (Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences
    Day Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig)

  • Daniel R. Weinberger

    (Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus)

  • David R. Weir

    (Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan)

  • James F. Wilson

    (Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place
    Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh)

  • Anil Malhotra

    (Feinstein Institute for Medical Research
    Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital
    Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine)

  • Andrew M. McIntosh

    (The University of Edinburgh
    Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh)

  • Catharine R. Gale

    (The University of Edinburgh
    MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton)

  • Sudha Seshadri

    (Robert and Beverly Lewis Center for Neuroimaging, University of Oregon
    Boston University School of Medicine
    University of Texas Health Sciences Center)

  • Thomas H. Mosley

    (University of Mississippi Medical Center)

  • Jan Bressler

    (Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston)

  • Todd Lencz

    (Feinstein Institute for Medical Research
    Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh)

  • Ian J. Deary

    (The University of Edinburgh)

Abstract

General cognitive function is a prominent and relatively stable human trait that is associated with many important life outcomes. We combine cognitive and genetic data from the CHARGE and COGENT consortia, and UK Biobank (total N = 300,486; age 16–102) and find 148 genome-wide significant independent loci (P

Suggested Citation

  • Gail Davies & Max Lam & Sarah E. Harris & Joey W. Trampush & Michelle Luciano & W. David Hill & Saskia P. Hagenaars & Stuart J. Ritchie & Riccardo E. Marioni & Chloe Fawns-Ritchie & David C. M. Liewal, 2018. "Study of 300,486 individuals identifies 148 independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-16, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:9:y:2018:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-018-04362-x
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04362-x
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    Cited by:

    1. Knyspel, Jacob & Plomin, Robert, 2024. "Comparing factor and network models of cognitive abilities using twin data," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    2. Hilger, Kirsten & Spinath, Frank M. & Troche, Stefan & Schubert, Anna-Lena, 2022. "The biological basis of intelligence: Benchmark findings," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    3. Mitchell, Brittany L. & Hansell, Narelle K. & McAloney, Kerrie & Martin, Nicholas G. & Wright, Margaret J. & Renteria, Miguel E. & Grasby, Katrina L., 2022. "Polygenic influences associated with adolescent cognitive skills," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    4. Zhang, Yan & Fletcher, Jason & Lu, Qiongshi & Song, Jie, 2023. "Gender differences in the association between parity and cognitive function: Evidence from the UK biobank," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 320(C).
    5. Mingyang Li & Xixi Dang & Yiwei Chen & Zhifan Chen & Xinyi Xu & Zhiyong Zhao & Dan Wu, 2024. "Cognitive processing speed and accuracy are intrinsically different in genetic architecture and brain phenotypes," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    6. Jonsdottir, Gudrun A. & Einarsson, Gudmundur & Thorleifsson, Gudmar & Magnusson, Sigurdur H. & Gunnarsson, Arni F. & Frigge, Michael L. & Gisladottir, Rosa S. & Unnsteinsdottir, Unnur & Gunnarsson, Bj, 2021. "Genetic propensities for verbal and spatial ability have opposite effects on body mass index and risk of schizophrenia," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    7. Bussu, Giorgia & Taylor, Mark & Tammimies, Kristiina & Ronald, Angelica & Falck-Ytter, Terje, 2023. "The latent structure of emerging cognitive abilities: An infant twin study," Intelligence, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    8. Michael Wainberg & Natalie J. Forde & Salim Mansour & Isabel Kerrebijn & Sarah E. Medland & Colin Hawco & Shreejoy J. Tripathy, 2024. "Genetic architecture of the structural connectome," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-20, December.

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