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Controlled manipulation of oxygen vacancies using nanoscale flexoelectricity

Author

Listed:
  • Saikat Das

    (Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
    Seoul National University (SNU))

  • Bo Wang

    (The Pennsylvania State University)

  • Ye Cao

    (Oak Ridge National Laboratory
    Oak Ridge National Laboratory)

  • Myung Rae Cho

    (Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
    Seoul National University (SNU))

  • Yeong Jae Shin

    (Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
    Seoul National University (SNU))

  • Sang Mo Yang

    (Oak Ridge National Laboratory
    Sookmyung Women’s University)

  • Lingfei Wang

    (Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
    Seoul National University (SNU))

  • Minu Kim

    (Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
    Seoul National University (SNU))

  • Sergei V. Kalinin

    (Oak Ridge National Laboratory
    Oak Ridge National Laboratory)

  • Long-Qing Chen

    (The Pennsylvania State University)

  • Tae Won Noh

    (Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
    Seoul National University (SNU))

Abstract

Oxygen vacancies, especially their distribution, are directly coupled to the electromagnetic properties of oxides and related emergent functionalities that have implications for device applications. Here using a homoepitaxial strontium titanate thin film, we demonstrate a controlled manipulation of the oxygen vacancy distribution using the mechanical force from a scanning probe microscope tip. By combining Kelvin probe force microscopy imaging and phase-field simulations, we show that oxygen vacancies can move under a stress-gradient-induced depolarisation field. When tailored, this nanoscale flexoelectric effect enables a controlled spatial modulation. In motion, the scanning probe tip thereby deterministically reconfigures the spatial distribution of vacancies. The ability to locally manipulate oxygen vacancies on-demand provides a tool for the exploration of mesoscale quantum phenomena and engineering multifunctional oxide devices.

Suggested Citation

  • Saikat Das & Bo Wang & Ye Cao & Myung Rae Cho & Yeong Jae Shin & Sang Mo Yang & Lingfei Wang & Minu Kim & Sergei V. Kalinin & Long-Qing Chen & Tae Won Noh, 2017. "Controlled manipulation of oxygen vacancies using nanoscale flexoelectricity," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 8(1), pages 1-9, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:8:y:2017:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-017-00710-5
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00710-5
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    Cited by:

    1. Fan Zhang & Yang Zhang & Linglong Li & Xing Mou & Huining Peng & Shengchun Shen & Meng Wang & Kunhong Xiao & Shuai-Hua Ji & Di Yi & Tianxiang Nan & Jianshi Tang & Pu Yu, 2023. "Nanoscale multistate resistive switching in WO3 through scanning probe induced proton evolution," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
    2. Jinhyoung Lee & Gunhoo Woo & Jinill Cho & Sihoon Son & Hyelim Shin & Hyunho Seok & Min-Jae Kim & Eungchul Kim & Ziyang Wang & Boseok Kang & Won-Jun Jang & Taesung Kim, 2024. "Free-standing two-dimensional ferro-ionic memristor," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.

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