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CPK1 activates CNGCs through phosphorylation for Ca2+ signaling to promote root hair growth in Arabidopsis

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  • Meijun Zhu

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Bo-Ya Du

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Yan-Qiu Tan

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS))

  • Yang Yang

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Yang Zhang

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Yong-Fei Wang

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

Abstract

Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 5 (CNGC5), CNGC6, and CNGC9 (CNGC5/6/9 for simplicity) control Arabidopsis root hair (RH) growth by mediating the influx of external Ca2+ to establish and maintain a sharp cytosolic Ca2+ gradient at RH tips. However, the underlying mechanisms for the regulation of CNGCs remain unknown. We report here that calcium dependent protein kinase 1 (CPK1) directly activates CNGC5/6/9 to promote Arabidopsis RH growth. The loss-of-function mutants cpk1-1, cpk1-2, cngc5-1 cngc6-2 cngc9-1 (shrh1/short root hair 1), and cpk1 shrh1 show similar RH phenotypes, including shorter RHs, more RH branching, and dramatically attenuated cytosolic Ca2+ gradients at RH tips. The main CPK1-target sites are identified as Ser20, Ser27, and Ser26 for CNGC5/6/9, respectively, and the corresponding alanine substitution mutants fail to rescue RH growth in shrh1 and cpk1-1, while phospho-mimic versions restore the cytosolic Ca2+ gradient at RH apex and rescue the RH phenotypes in the same Arabidopsis mutants. Thus we discover the CPK1-CNGC modules essential for the Ca2+ signaling regulation and RH growth in Arabidopsis.

Suggested Citation

  • Meijun Zhu & Bo-Ya Du & Yan-Qiu Tan & Yang Yang & Yang Zhang & Yong-Fei Wang, 2025. "CPK1 activates CNGCs through phosphorylation for Ca2+ signaling to promote root hair growth in Arabidopsis," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-20, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-56008-4
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-56008-4
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhen Lin & Yuan Li & Zhengjing Zhang & Xiaolei Liu & Chuan-Chih Hsu & Yanyan Du & Tian Sang & Chen Zhu & Yubei Wang & Viswanathan Satheesh & Pritu Pratibha & Yang Zhao & Chun-Peng Song & W. Andy Tao &, 2020. "A RAF-SnRK2 kinase cascade mediates early osmotic stress signaling in higher plants," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Julia Foreman & Vadim Demidchik & John H. F. Bothwell & Panagiota Mylona & Henk Miedema & Miguel Angel Torres & Paul Linstead & Silvia Costa & Colin Brownlee & Jonathan D. G. Jones & Julia M. Davies &, 2003. "Reactive oxygen species produced by NADPH oxidase regulate plant cell growth," Nature, Nature, vol. 422(6930), pages 442-446, March.
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