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Conserved transcriptional regulation by BRN1 and BRN2 in neocortical progenitors drives mammalian neural specification and neocortical expansion

Author

Listed:
  • Soraia Barão

    (Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine)

  • Yijun Xu

    (Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine)

  • José P. Llongueras

    (Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine)

  • Rachel Vistein

    (Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine)

  • Loyal Goff

    (Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine)

  • Kristina J. Nielsen

    (Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine)

  • Byoung-Il Bae

    (University of Connecticut School of Medicine)

  • Richard S. Smith

    (Department of Pharmacology)

  • Christopher A. Walsh

    (Harvard Medical School
    Harvard Medical School)

  • Genevieve Stein-O’Brien

    (Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine)

  • Ulrich Müller

    (Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine)

Abstract

The neocortex varies in size and complexity among mammals due to the tremendous variability in the number and diversity of neuronal subtypes across species. The increased cellular diversity is paralleled by the expansion of the pool of neocortical progenitors and the emergence of indirect neurogenesis during brain evolution. The molecular pathways that control these biological processes and are disrupted in neurological disorders remain largely unknown. Here we show that the transcription factors BRN1 and BRN2 have an evolutionary conserved function in neocortical progenitors to control their proliferative capacity and the switch from direct to indirect neurogenesis. Functional studies in mice and ferrets show that BRN1/2 act in concert with NOTCH and primary microcephaly genes to regulate progenitor behavior. Analysis of transcriptomics data from genetically modified macaques provides evidence that these molecular pathways are conserved in non-human primates. Our findings thus demonstrate that BRN1/2 are central regulators of gene expression programs in neocortical progenitors critical to determine brain size during evolution.

Suggested Citation

  • Soraia Barão & Yijun Xu & José P. Llongueras & Rachel Vistein & Loyal Goff & Kristina J. Nielsen & Byoung-Il Bae & Richard S. Smith & Christopher A. Walsh & Genevieve Stein-O’Brien & Ulrich Müller, 2024. "Conserved transcriptional regulation by BRN1 and BRN2 in neocortical progenitors drives mammalian neural specification and neocortical expansion," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-17, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-52443-x
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52443-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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