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Air pollution below US regulatory standards and cardiovascular diseases using a double negative control approach

Author

Listed:
  • Yichen Wang

    (Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
    Yale University)

  • Mahdieh Danesh Yazdi

    (Stony Brook University)

  • Yaguang Wei

    (Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
    Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

  • Joel D. Schwartz

    (Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
    Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health)

Abstract

Growing evidence suggests that long-term air pollution exposure is a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. However, few studies have investigated air pollution below current regulatory limits, and causal evidence is limited. We use a double negative control approach to examine the association between long-term exposure to air pollution at low concentration and cardiovascular hospitalizations among US Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years between 2000 and 2016. The expected values of the negative outcome control (preceding-year hospitalizations) regressed on exposure and negative exposure control (subsequent-year exposure) are treated as a surrogate for omitted confounders. With analyses separately restricted to low-pollution areas (PM2.5

Suggested Citation

  • Yichen Wang & Mahdieh Danesh Yazdi & Yaguang Wei & Joel D. Schwartz, 2024. "Air pollution below US regulatory standards and cardiovascular diseases using a double negative control approach," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-52117-8
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52117-8
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Liuhua Shi & Itai Kloog & Antonella Zanobetti & Pengfei Liu & Joel D. Schwartz, 2015. "Impacts of temperature and its variability on mortality in New England," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 5(11), pages 988-991, November.
    2. Xu Shi & Wang Miao & Jennifer C. Nelson & Eric J. Tchetgen Tchetgen, 2020. "Multiply robust causal inference with double‐negative control adjustment for categorical unmeasured confounding," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 82(2), pages 521-540, April.
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