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A(H2N2) and A(H3N2) influenza pandemics elicited durable cross-reactive and protective antibodies against avian N2 neuraminidases

Author

Listed:
  • Zaolan Liang

    (The University of Hong Kong
    The University of Hong Kong
    Guangzhou Medical University)

  • Xia Lin

    (The University of Hong Kong
    The University of Hong Kong
    Guangzhou Medical University)

  • Lihong Sun

    (Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University)

  • Kimberly M. Edwards

    (The University of Hong Kong
    The University of Hong Kong)

  • Wenjun Song

    (Guangzhou National Laboratory)

  • Hailiang Sun

    (South China Agricultural University)

  • Yanmin Xie

    (The University of Hong Kong)

  • Fangmei Lin

    (Guangzhou Medical University)

  • Shiman Ling

    (Guangzhou Medical University)

  • Tingting Liang

    (Guangzhou Medical University)

  • Biying Xiao

    (Guangzhou Medical University)

  • Jiaqi Wang

    (Guangzhou Medical University)

  • Min Li

    (The University of Hong Kong
    The University of Hong Kong)

  • Chin-Yu Leung

    (The University of Hong Kong
    The University of Hong Kong)

  • Huachen Zhu

    (The University of Hong Kong
    Shantou University)

  • Nisha Bhandari

    (Indian Institute of Science)

  • Raghavan Varadarajan

    (Indian Institute of Science)

  • Min Z. Levine

    (US Center for Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Malik Peiris

    (The University of Hong Kong
    Hong Kong Science and Technology Park)

  • Robert Webster

    (St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital)

  • Vijaykrishna Dhanasekaran

    (The University of Hong Kong
    The University of Hong Kong)

  • Nancy H. L. Leung

    (The University of Hong Kong
    Hong Kong Science and Technology Park)

  • Benjamin J. Cowling

    (The University of Hong Kong
    Hong Kong Science and Technology Park)

  • Richard J. Webby

    (St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital)

  • Mariette Ducatez

    (National Veterinary School of Toulouse (ENVT))

  • Mark Zanin

    (The University of Hong Kong
    Hong Kong Science and Technology Park)

  • Sook-San Wong

    (The University of Hong Kong
    The University of Hong Kong)

Abstract

Human cases of avian influenza virus (AIV) infections are associated with an age-specific disease burden. As the influenza virus N2 neuraminidase (NA) gene was introduced from avian sources during the 1957 pandemic, we investigate the reactivity of N2 antibodies against A(H9N2) AIVs. Serosurvey of healthy individuals reveal the highest rates of AIV N2 antibodies in individuals aged ≥65 years. Exposure to the 1968 pandemic N2, but not recent N2, protected against A(H9N2) AIV challenge in female mice. In some older adults, infection with contemporary A(H3N2) virus could recall cross-reactive AIV NA antibodies, showing discernable human- or avian-NA type reactivity. Individuals born before 1957 have higher anti-AIV N2 titers compared to those born between 1957 and 1968. The anti-AIV N2 antibodies titers correlate with antibody titers to the 1957 N2, suggesting that exposure to the A(H2N2) virus contribute to this reactivity. These findings underscore the critical role of neuraminidase immunity in zoonotic and pandemic influenza risk assessment.

Suggested Citation

  • Zaolan Liang & Xia Lin & Lihong Sun & Kimberly M. Edwards & Wenjun Song & Hailiang Sun & Yanmin Xie & Fangmei Lin & Shiman Ling & Tingting Liang & Biying Xiao & Jiaqi Wang & Min Li & Chin-Yu Leung & H, 2024. "A(H2N2) and A(H3N2) influenza pandemics elicited durable cross-reactive and protective antibodies against avian N2 neuraminidases," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-49884-9
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49884-9
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yuhai Bi & Juan Li & Shanqin Li & Guanghua Fu & Tao Jin & Cheng Zhang & Yongchun Yang & Zhenghai Ma & Wenxia Tian & Jida Li & Shuqi Xiao & Liqiang Li & Renfu Yin & Yi Zhang & Lixin Wang & Yantao Qin &, 2020. "Dominant subtype switch in avian influenza viruses during 2016–2019 in China," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-12, December.
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