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Long-term balancing selection for pathogen resistance maintains trans-species polymorphisms in a planktonic crustacean

Author

Listed:
  • Luca Cornetti

    (University of Basel
    Syngenta Crop Protection AG)

  • Peter D. Fields

    (University of Basel)

  • Louis Du Pasquier

    (University of Basel)

  • Dieter Ebert

    (University of Basel)

Abstract

Balancing selection is an evolutionary process that maintains genetic polymorphisms at selected loci and strongly reduces the likelihood of allele fixation. When allelic polymorphisms that predate speciation events are maintained independently in the resulting lineages, a pattern of trans-species polymorphisms may occur. Trans-species polymorphisms have been identified for loci related to mating systems and the MHC, but they are generally rare. Trans-species polymorphisms in disease loci are believed to be a consequence of long-term host-parasite coevolution by balancing selection, the so-called Red Queen dynamics. Here we scan the genomes of three crustaceans with a divergence of over 15 million years and identify 11 genes containing identical-by-descent trans-species polymorphisms with the same polymorphisms in all three species. Four of these genes display molecular footprints of balancing selection and have a function related to immunity. Three of them are located in or close to loci involved in resistance to a virulent bacterial pathogen, Pasteuria, with which the Daphnia host is known to coevolve. This provides rare evidence of trans-species polymorphisms for loci known to be functionally relevant in interactions with a widespread and highly specific parasite. These findings support the theory that specific antagonistic coevolution is able to maintain genetic diversity over millions of years.

Suggested Citation

  • Luca Cornetti & Peter D. Fields & Louis Du Pasquier & Dieter Ebert, 2024. "Long-term balancing selection for pathogen resistance maintains trans-species polymorphisms in a planktonic crustacean," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-49726-8
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49726-8
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Gil McVean, 2009. "A Genealogical Interpretation of Principal Components Analysis," PLOS Genetics, Public Library of Science, vol. 5(10), pages 1-10, October.
    3. Christophe Eizaguirre & Tobias L. Lenz & Martin Kalbe & Manfred Milinski, 2012. "Rapid and adaptive evolution of MHC genes under parasite selection in experimental vertebrate populations," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 3(1), pages 1-6, January.
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