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Potential pandemic risk of circulating swine H1N2 influenza viruses

Author

Listed:
  • Valerie Le Sage

    (University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
    University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine)

  • Nicole C. Rockey

    (University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
    Duke University)

  • Andrea J. French

    (University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine)

  • Ryan McBride

    (The Scripps Research Institute)

  • Kevin R. McCarthy

    (University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
    University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine)

  • Lora H. Rigatti

    (University of Pittsburgh)

  • Meredith J. Shephard

    (Emory University School of Medicine)

  • Jennifer E. Jones

    (University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine)

  • Sydney G. Walter

    (University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine)

  • Joshua D. Doyle

    (University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
    University of Pittsburgh)

  • Lingqing Xu

    (University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
    University of Pittsburgh)

  • Dominique J. Barbeau

    (University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
    University of Pittsburgh)

  • Shengyang Wang

    (The Scripps Research Institute)

  • Sheila A. Frizzell

    (University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine)

  • Michael M. Myerburg

    (University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine)

  • James C. Paulson

    (The Scripps Research Institute)

  • Anita K. McElroy

    (University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
    University of Pittsburgh)

  • Tavis K. Anderson

    (National Animal Disease Center)

  • Amy L. Vincent Baker

    (National Animal Disease Center)

  • Seema S. Lakdawala

    (University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
    University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
    Emory University School of Medicine)

Abstract

Influenza A viruses in swine have considerable genetic diversity and continue to pose a pandemic threat to humans due to a potential lack of population level immunity. Here we describe a pipeline to characterize and triage influenza viruses for their pandemic risk and examine the pandemic potential of two widespread swine origin viruses. Our analysis reveals that a panel of human sera collected from healthy adults in 2020 has no cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies against a α-H1 clade strain (α-swH1N2) but do against a γ-H1 clade strain. The α-swH1N2 virus replicates efficiently in human airway cultures and exhibits phenotypic signatures similar to the human H1N1 pandemic strain from 2009 (H1N1pdm09). Furthermore, α-swH1N2 is capable of efficient airborne transmission to both naïve ferrets and ferrets with prior seasonal influenza immunity. Ferrets with H1N1pdm09 pre-existing immunity show reduced α-swH1N2 viral shedding and less severe disease signs. Despite this, H1N1pdm09-immune ferrets that became infected via the air can still onward transmit α-swH1N2 with an efficiency of 50%. These results indicate that this α-swH1N2 strain has a higher pandemic potential, but a moderate level of impact since there is reduced replication fitness and pathology in animals with prior immunity.

Suggested Citation

  • Valerie Le Sage & Nicole C. Rockey & Andrea J. French & Ryan McBride & Kevin R. McCarthy & Lora H. Rigatti & Meredith J. Shephard & Jennifer E. Jones & Sydney G. Walter & Joshua D. Doyle & Lingqing Xu, 2024. "Potential pandemic risk of circulating swine H1N2 influenza viruses," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-49117-z
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49117-z
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zhongfang Wang & Yanmin Wan & Chenli Qiu & Sergio Quiñones-Parra & Zhaoqin Zhu & Liyen Loh & Di Tian & Yanqin Ren & Yunwen Hu & Xiaoyan Zhang & Paul G. Thomas & Michael Inouye & Peter C. Doherty & Kat, 2015. "Recovery from severe H7N9 disease is associated with diverse response mechanisms dominated by CD8+ T cells," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 6(1), pages 1-12, November.
    2. Seema S. Lakdawala & Akila Jayaraman & Rebecca A. Halpin & Elaine W. Lamirande & Angela R. Shih & Timothy B. Stockwell & Xudong Lin & Ari Simenauer & Christopher T. Hanson & Leatrice Vogel & Myeisha P, 2015. "The soft palate is an important site of adaptation for transmissible influenza viruses," Nature, Nature, vol. 526(7571), pages 122-125, October.
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