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Giant electric field-induced second harmonic generation in polar skyrmions

Author

Listed:
  • Sixu Wang

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Wei Li

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Chenguang Deng

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Zijian Hong

    (Zhejiang University
    Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou)

  • Han-Bin Gao

    (National Center for Nanoscience and Technology)

  • Xiaolong Li

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Yueliang Gu

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Qiang Zheng

    (National Center for Nanoscience and Technology)

  • Yongjun Wu

    (Zhejiang University)

  • Paul G. Evans

    (University of Wisconsin-Madison)

  • Jing-Feng Li

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Ce-Wen Nan

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Qian Li

    (Tsinghua University)

Abstract

Electric field-induced second harmonic generation allows electrically controlling nonlinear light-matter interactions crucial for emerging integrated photonics applications. Despite its wide presence in materials, the figures-of-merit of electric field-induced second harmonic generation are yet to be elevated to enable novel device functionalities. Here, we show that the polar skyrmions, a topological phase spontaneously formed in PbTiO3/SrTiO3 ferroelectric superlattices, exhibit a high comprehensive electric field-induced second harmonic generation performance. The second-order nonlinear susceptibility and modulation depth, measured under non-resonant 800 nm excitation, reach ~54.2 pm V−1 and ~664% V−1, respectively, and high response bandwidth (higher than 10 MHz), wide operating temperature range (up to ~400 K) and good fatigue resistance (>1010 cycles) are also demonstrated. Through combined in-situ experiments and phase-field simulations, we establish the microscopic links between the exotic polarization configuration and field-induced transition paths of the skyrmions and their electric field-induced second harmonic generation response. Our study not only presents a highly competitive thin-film material ready for constructing on-chip devices, but opens up new avenues of utilizing topological polar structures in the fields of photonics and optoelectronics.

Suggested Citation

  • Sixu Wang & Wei Li & Chenguang Deng & Zijian Hong & Han-Bin Gao & Xiaolong Li & Yueliang Gu & Qiang Zheng & Yongjun Wu & Paul G. Evans & Jing-Feng Li & Ce-Wen Nan & Qian Li, 2024. "Giant electric field-induced second harmonic generation in polar skyrmions," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-45755-5
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45755-5
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