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Collectively enhanced Ramsey readout by cavity sub- to superradiant transition

Author

Listed:
  • Eliot A. Bohr

    (University of Copenhagen)

  • Sofus L. Kristensen

    (University of Copenhagen)

  • Christoph Hotter

    (Universität Innsbruck)

  • Stefan A. Schäffer

    (University of Copenhagen)

  • Julian Robinson-Tait

    (University of Copenhagen)

  • Jan W. Thomsen

    (University of Copenhagen)

  • Tanya Zelevinsky

    (Columbia University)

  • Helmut Ritsch

    (Universität Innsbruck)

  • Jörg H. Müller

    (University of Copenhagen)

Abstract

When an inverted ensemble of atoms is tightly packed on the scale of its emission wavelength or when the atoms are collectively strongly coupled to a single cavity mode, their dipoles will align and decay rapidly via a superradiant burst. However, a spread-out dipole phase distribution theory predicts a required minimum threshold of atomic excitation for superradiance to occur. Here we experimentally confirm this predicted threshold for superradiant emission on a narrow optical transition when exciting the atoms transversely and show how to take advantage of the resulting sub- to superradiant transition. A π/2-pulse places the atoms in a subradiant state, protected from collective cavity decay, which we exploit during the free evolution period in a corresponding Ramsey pulse sequence. The final excited state population is read out via superradiant emission from the inverted atomic ensemble after a second π/2-pulse, and with minimal heating this allows for multiple Ramsey sequences within one experimental cycle. Our scheme is an innovative approach to atomic state readout characterized by its speed, simplicity, and highly directional emission of signal photons. It demonstrates the potential of sensors using collective effects in cavity-coupled quantum emitters.

Suggested Citation

  • Eliot A. Bohr & Sofus L. Kristensen & Christoph Hotter & Stefan A. Schäffer & Julian Robinson-Tait & Jan W. Thomsen & Tanya Zelevinsky & Helmut Ritsch & Jörg H. Müller, 2024. "Collectively enhanced Ramsey readout by cavity sub- to superradiant transition," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-7, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-45420-x
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45420-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. W. F. McGrew & X. Zhang & R. J. Fasano & S. A. Schäffer & K. Beloy & D. Nicolodi & R. C. Brown & N. Hinkley & G. Milani & M. Schioppo & T. H. Yoon & A. D. Ludlow, 2018. "Atomic clock performance enabling geodesy below the centimetre level," Nature, Nature, vol. 564(7734), pages 87-90, December.
    2. B. J. Bloom & T. L. Nicholson & J. R. Williams & S. L. Campbell & M. Bishof & X. Zhang & W. Zhang & S. L. Bromley & J. Ye, 2014. "An optical lattice clock with accuracy and stability at the 10−18 level," Nature, Nature, vol. 506(7486), pages 71-75, February.
    3. Justin G. Bohnet & Zilong Chen & Joshua M. Weiner & Dominic Meiser & Murray J. Holland & James K. Thompson, 2012. "A steady-state superradiant laser with less than one intracavity photon," Nature, Nature, vol. 484(7392), pages 78-81, April.
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