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Virological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB.1.5 variant

Author

Listed:
  • Tomokazu Tamura

    (Hokkaido University
    Hokkaido University
    Hokkaido University
    Hokkaido University)

  • Takashi Irie

    (Hiroshima University)

  • Sayaka Deguchi

    (Kyoto University)

  • Hisano Yajima

    (Kyoto University)

  • Masumi Tsuda

    (Hokkaido University
    Hokkaido University)

  • Hesham Nasser

    (Kumamoto University
    Suez Canal University)

  • Keita Mizuma

    (Hokkaido University)

  • Arnon Plianchaisuk

    (The University of Tokyo)

  • Saori Suzuki

    (Hokkaido University
    Hokkaido University
    Hokkaido University
    Hokkaido University)

  • Keiya Uriu

    (The University of Tokyo
    The University of Tokyo)

  • Mst Monira Begum

    (Kumamoto University)

  • Ryo Shimizu

    (Kumamoto University)

  • Michael Jonathan

    (Kumamoto University)

  • Rigel Suzuki

    (Hokkaido University
    Hokkaido University
    Hokkaido University
    Hokkaido University)

  • Takashi Kondo

    (Hokkaido University)

  • Hayato Ito

    (Hokkaido University)

  • Akifumi Kamiyama

    (Hokkaido University)

  • Kumiko Yoshimatsu

    (Hokkaido University)

  • Maya Shofa

    (University of Miyazaki
    University of Miyazaki)

  • Rina Hashimoto

    (Kyoto University)

  • Yuki Anraku

    (Hokkaido University)

  • Kanako Terakado Kimura

    (Kyoto University)

  • Shunsuke Kita

    (Hokkaido University)

  • Jiei Sasaki

    (Kyoto University)

  • Kaori Sasaki-Tabata

    (Kyushu University)

  • Katsumi Maenaka

    (Hokkaido University
    Hokkaido University
    Hokkaido University
    Hokkaido University)

  • Naganori Nao

    (Hokkaido University
    Hokkaido University
    Hokkaido University)

  • Lei Wang

    (Hokkaido University
    Hokkaido University)

  • Yoshitaka Oda

    (Hokkaido University)

  • Terumasa Ikeda

    (Kumamoto University)

  • Akatsuki Saito

    (University of Miyazaki
    University of Miyazaki
    University of Miyazaki)

  • Keita Matsuno

    (Hokkaido University
    Hokkaido University
    Hokkaido University
    Hokkaido University)

  • Jumpei Ito

    (The University of Tokyo
    The University of Tokyo)

  • Shinya Tanaka

    (Hokkaido University
    Hokkaido University)

  • Kei Sato

    (The University of Tokyo
    The University of Tokyo
    The University of Tokyo
    The University of Tokyo)

  • Takao Hashiguchi

    (Kyoto University
    The University of Tokyo
    Kyoto University)

  • Kazuo Takayama

    (Kyoto University
    AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED))

  • Takasuke Fukuhara

    (Hokkaido University
    Hokkaido University
    Hokkaido University
    Hokkaido University)

Abstract

Circulation of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB has resulted in the emergence of XBB.1.5, a new Variant of Interest. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that XBB.1.5 evolved from XBB.1 by acquiring the S486P spike (S) mutation, subsequent to the acquisition of a nonsense mutation in ORF8. Neutralization assays showed similar abilities of immune escape between XBB.1.5 and XBB.1. We determine the structural basis for the interaction between human ACE2 and the S protein of XBB.1.5, showing similar overall structures between the S proteins of XBB.1 and XBB.1.5. We provide the intrinsic pathogenicity of XBB.1 and XBB.1.5 in hamsters. Importantly, we find that the ORF8 nonsense mutation of XBB.1.5 resulted in impairment of MHC suppression. In vivo experiments using recombinant viruses reveal that the XBB.1.5 mutations are involved with reduced virulence of XBB.1.5. Together, our study identifies the two viral functions defined the difference between XBB.1 and XBB.1.5.

Suggested Citation

  • Tomokazu Tamura & Takashi Irie & Sayaka Deguchi & Hisano Yajima & Masumi Tsuda & Hesham Nasser & Keita Mizuma & Arnon Plianchaisuk & Saori Suzuki & Keiya Uriu & Mst Monira Begum & Ryo Shimizu & Michae, 2024. "Virological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB.1.5 variant," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-17, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-45274-3
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45274-3
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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