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C2-methyladenosine in tRNA promotes protein translation by facilitating the decoding of tandem m2A-tRNA-dependent codons

Author

Listed:
  • Hong-Chao Duan

    (Peking University)

  • Chi Zhang

    (Peking University)

  • Peizhe Song

    (Peking University)

  • Junbo Yang

    (Peking University)

  • Ye Wang

    (Peking University)

  • Guifang Jia

    (Peking University
    Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences)

Abstract

RNA modification C2-methyladenosine (m2A) exists in both rRNA and tRNA of Escherichia coli (E. coli), installed by the methyltransferase RlmN using a radical-S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) mechanism. However, the precise function of m2A in tRNA and its ubiquity in plants have remained unclear. Here we discover the presence of m2A in chloroplast rRNA and tRNA, as well as cytosolic tRNA, in multiple plant species. We identify six m2A-modified chloroplast tRNAs and two m2A-modified cytosolic tRNAs across different plants. Furthermore, we characterize three Arabidopsis m2A methyltransferases—RLMNL1, RLMNL2, and RLMNL3—which methylate chloroplast rRNA, chloroplast tRNA, and cytosolic tRNA, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that m2A37 promotes a relaxed conformation of tRNA, enhancing translation efficiency in chloroplast and cytosol by facilitating decoding of tandem m2A-tRNA-dependent codons. This study provides insights into the molecular function and biological significance of m2A, uncovering a layer of translation regulation in plants.

Suggested Citation

  • Hong-Chao Duan & Chi Zhang & Peizhe Song & Junbo Yang & Ye Wang & Guifang Jia, 2024. "C2-methyladenosine in tRNA promotes protein translation by facilitating the decoding of tandem m2A-tRNA-dependent codons," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-17, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-45166-6
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45166-6
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    1. Xiao Wang & Zhike Lu & Adrian Gomez & Gary C. Hon & Yanan Yue & Dali Han & Ye Fu & Marc Parisien & Qing Dai & Guifang Jia & Bing Ren & Tao Pan & Chuan He, 2014. "N6-methyladenosine-dependent regulation of messenger RNA stability," Nature, Nature, vol. 505(7481), pages 117-120, January.
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