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Redirecting antibody responses from egg-adapted epitopes following repeat vaccination with recombinant or cell culture-based versus egg-based influenza vaccines

Author

Listed:
  • Feng Liu

    (Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

  • F. Liaini Gross

    (Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Sneha Joshi

    (Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Manjusha Gaglani

    (Baylor Scott & White Health
    Baylor College of Medicine
    Texas A & M University, College of Medicine)

  • Allison L. Naleway

    (Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research)

  • Kempapura Murthy

    (Texas A & M University, College of Medicine)

  • Holly C. Groom

    (Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research)

  • Meredith G. Wesley

    (Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    Abt Associates)

  • Laura J. Edwards

    (Abt Associates)

  • Lauren Grant

    (Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Sara S. Kim

    (Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Suryaprakash Sambhara

    (Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Shivaprakash Gangappa

    (Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Terrence Tumpey

    (Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Mark G. Thompson

    (Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Alicia M. Fry

    (Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Brendan Flannery

    (Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Fatimah S. Dawood

    (Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Min Z. Levine

    (Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

Abstract

Repeat vaccination with egg-based influenza vaccines could preferentially boost antibodies targeting the egg-adapted epitopes and reduce immunogenicity to circulating viruses. In this randomized trial (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03722589), sera pre- and post-vaccination with quadrivalent inactivated egg-based (IIV4), cell culture-based (ccIIV4), and recombinant (RIV4) influenza vaccines were collected from healthcare personnel (18-64 years) in 2018−19 (N = 723) and 2019−20 (N = 684) influenza seasons. We performed an exploratory analysis. Vaccine egg-adapted changes had the most impact on A(H3N2) immunogenicity. In year 1, RIV4 induced higher neutralizing and total HA head binding antibodies to cell- A(H3N2) virus than ccIIV4 and IIV4. In year 2, among the 7 repeat vaccination arms (IIV4-IIV4, IIV4-ccIIV4, IIV4-RIV4, RIV4-ccIIV4, RIV4-RIV4, ccIIV4-ccIIV4 and ccIIV4-RIV4), repeat vaccination with either RIV4 or ccIIV4 further improved antibody responses to circulating viruses with decreased neutralizing antibody egg/cell ratio. RIV4 also had higher post-vaccination A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) HA stalk antibodies in year 1, but there was no significant difference in HA stalk antibody fold rise among vaccine groups in either year 1 or year 2. Multiple seasons of non-egg-based vaccination may be needed to redirect antibody responses from immune memory to egg-adapted epitopes and re-focus the immune responses towards epitopes on the circulating viruses to improve vaccine effectiveness.

Suggested Citation

  • Feng Liu & F. Liaini Gross & Sneha Joshi & Manjusha Gaglani & Allison L. Naleway & Kempapura Murthy & Holly C. Groom & Meredith G. Wesley & Laura J. Edwards & Lauren Grant & Sara S. Kim & Suryaprakash, 2024. "Redirecting antibody responses from egg-adapted epitopes following repeat vaccination with recombinant or cell culture-based versus egg-based influenza vaccines," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-44551-x
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44551-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Surender Khurana & Megan Hahn & Elizabeth M. Coyle & Lisa R. King & Tsai-Lien Lin & John Treanor & Andrea Sant & Hana Golding, 2019. "Repeat vaccination reduces antibody affinity maturation across different influenza vaccine platforms in humans," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-15, December.
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