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MADS1-regulated lemma and awn development benefits barley yield

Author

Listed:
  • Yueya Zhang

    (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

  • Chaoqun Shen

    (Shanghai Jiao Tong University
    The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus)

  • Gang Li

    (The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus
    Nanjing Agricultural University)

  • Jin Shi

    (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

  • Yajing Yuan

    (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

  • Lingzhen Ye

    (Zhejiang University)

  • Qingfeng Song

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Jianxin Shi

    (Shanghai Jiao Tong University
    Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

  • Dabing Zhang

    (Shanghai Jiao Tong University
    The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus
    Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

Abstract

Floral organ shape and size in cereal crops can affect grain size and yield, so genes that regulate their development are promising breeding targets. The lemma, which protects inner floral organs, can physically constrain grain growth; while the awn, a needle-like extension of the lemma, creates photosynthate to developing grain. Although several genes and modules controlling grain size and awn/lemma growth in rice have been characterized, these processes, and the relationships between them, are not well understood for barley and wheat. Here, we demonstrate that the barley E-class gene HvMADS1 positively regulates awn length and lemma width, affecting grain size and weight. Cytological data indicates that HvMADS1 promotes awn and lemma growth by promoting cell proliferation, while multi-omics data reveals that HvMADS1 target genes are associated with cell cycle, phytohormone signaling, and developmental processes. We define two potential targets of HvMADS1 regulation, HvSHI and HvDL, whose knockout mutants mimic awn and/or lemma phenotypes of mads1 mutants. Additionally, we demonstrate that HvMADS1 interacts with APETALA2 (A-class) to synergistically activate downstream genes in awn/lemma development in barley. Notably, we find that MADS1 function remains conserved in wheat, promoting cell proliferation to increase awn length. These findings extend our understanding of MADS1 function in floral organ development and provide insights for Triticeae crop improvement strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Yueya Zhang & Chaoqun Shen & Gang Li & Jin Shi & Yajing Yuan & Lingzhen Ye & Qingfeng Song & Jianxin Shi & Dabing Zhang, 2024. "MADS1-regulated lemma and awn development benefits barley yield," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-16, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-44457-8
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44457-8
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Qian Liu & Ruixi Han & Kun Wu & Jianqing Zhang & Yafeng Ye & Shuansuo Wang & Jianfeng Chen & Yajun Pan & Qi Li & Xiaopeng Xu & Jiawu Zhou & Dayun Tao & Yuejin Wu & Xiangdong Fu, 2018. "G-protein βγ subunits determine grain size through interaction with MADS-domain transcription factors in rice," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-12, December.
    2. Qiang Cai & Zheng Yuan & Mingjiao Chen & Changsong Yin & Zhijing Luo & Xiangxiang Zhao & Wanqi Liang & Jianping Hu & Dabing Zhang, 2014. "Jasmonic acid regulates spikelet development in rice," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 5(1), pages 1-13, May.
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