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Bayesian analyses indicate bivalves did not drive the downfall of brachiopods following the Permian-Triassic mass extinction

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Listed:
  • Zhen Guo

    (China University of Geosciences (Wuhan))

  • Joseph T. Flannery-Sutherland

    (University of Bristol)

  • Michael J. Benton

    (University of Bristol)

  • Zhong-Qiang Chen

    (China University of Geosciences (Wuhan))

Abstract

Certain times of major biotic replacement have often been interpreted as broadly competitive, mediated by innovation in the succeeding clades. A classic example was the switch from brachiopods to bivalves as major seabed organisms following the Permian-Triassic mass extinction (PTME), ~252 million years ago. This was attributed to competitive exclusion of brachiopods by the better adapted bivalves or simply to the fact that brachiopods had been hit especially hard by the PTME. The brachiopod-bivalve switch is emblematic of the global turnover of marine faunas from Palaeozoic-type to Modern-type triggered by the PTME. Here, using Bayesian analyses, we find that unexpectedly the two clades displayed similar large-scale trends of diversification before the Jurassic. Insight from a multivariate birth-death model shows that the extinction of major brachiopod clades during the PTME set the stage for the brachiopod-bivalve switch, with differential responses to high ocean temperatures post-extinction further facilitating their displacement by bivalves. Our study strengthens evidence that brachiopods and bivalves were not competitors over macroevolutionary time scales, with extinction events and environmental stresses shaping their divergent fates.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhen Guo & Joseph T. Flannery-Sutherland & Michael J. Benton & Zhong-Qiang Chen, 2023. "Bayesian analyses indicate bivalves did not drive the downfall of brachiopods following the Permian-Triassic mass extinction," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-16, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-41358-8
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41358-8
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Joseph T. Flannery-Sutherland & Daniele Silvestro & Michael J. Benton, 2022. "Global diversity dynamics in the fossil record are regionally heterogeneous," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-17, December.
    2. Corentin Jouault & André Nel & Vincent Perrichot & Frédéric Legendre & Fabien L. Condamine, 2022. "Multiple drivers and lineage-specific insect extinctions during the Permo–Triassic," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-16, December.
    3. Shanan E. Peters, 2008. "Environmental determinants of extinction selectivity in the fossil record," Nature, Nature, vol. 454(7204), pages 626-629, July.
    4. Andrej Spiridonov & Shaun Lovejoy, 2022. "Life rather than climate influences diversity at scales greater than 40 million years," Nature, Nature, vol. 607(7918), pages 307-312, July.
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