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Xanomeline displays concomitant orthosteric and allosteric binding modes at the M4 mAChR

Author

Listed:
  • Wessel A. C. Burger

    (Monash University
    Monash University)

  • Vi Pham

    (Monash University)

  • Ziva Vuckovic

    (Monash University)

  • Alexander S. Powers

    (Stanford University
    Stanford University)

  • Jesse I. Mobbs

    (Monash University
    Monash University)

  • Yianni Laloudakis

    (Stanford University)

  • Alisa Glukhova

    (Monash University
    Monash University)

  • Denise Wootten

    (Monash University
    Monash University)

  • Andrew B. Tobin

    (University of Glasgow)

  • Patrick M. Sexton

    (Monash University
    Monash University)

  • Steven M. Paul

    (Karuna Therapeutics)

  • Christian C. Felder

    (Karuna Therapeutics)

  • Radostin Danev

    (University of Tokyo)

  • Ron O. Dror

    (Stanford University)

  • Arthur Christopoulos

    (Monash University
    Monash University
    Monash University)

  • Celine Valant

    (Monash University)

  • David M. Thal

    (Monash University
    Monash University)

Abstract

The M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M4 mAChR) has emerged as a drug target of high therapeutic interest due to its expression in regions of the brain involved in the regulation of psychosis, cognition, and addiction. The mAChR agonist, xanomeline, has provided significant improvement in the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) scores in a Phase II clinical trial for the treatment of patients suffering from schizophrenia. Here we report the active state cryo-EM structure of xanomeline bound to the human M4 mAChR in complex with the heterotrimeric Gi1 transducer protein. Unexpectedly, two molecules of xanomeline were found to concomitantly bind to the monomeric M4 mAChR, with one molecule bound in the orthosteric (acetylcholine-binding) site and a second molecule in an extracellular vestibular allosteric site. Molecular dynamic simulations supports the structural findings, and pharmacological validation confirmed that xanomeline acts as a dual orthosteric and allosteric ligand at the human M4 mAChR. These findings provide a basis for further understanding xanomeline’s complex pharmacology and highlight the myriad of ways through which clinically relevant ligands can bind to and regulate GPCRs.

Suggested Citation

  • Wessel A. C. Burger & Vi Pham & Ziva Vuckovic & Alexander S. Powers & Jesse I. Mobbs & Yianni Laloudakis & Alisa Glukhova & Denise Wootten & Andrew B. Tobin & Patrick M. Sexton & Steven M. Paul & Chri, 2023. "Xanomeline displays concomitant orthosteric and allosteric binding modes at the M4 mAChR," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-41199-5
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41199-5
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