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Topological nodal line in superfluid 3He and the Anderson theorem

Author

Listed:
  • T. Kamppinen

    (Aalto University)

  • J. Rysti

    (Aalto University)

  • M.-M. Volard

    (Aalto University)

  • G. E. Volovik

    (Aalto University
    Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics)

  • V. B. Eltsov

    (Aalto University)

Abstract

Superconductivity and superfluidity with anisotropic pairing—such as d-wave in cuprates and p-wave in superfluid 3He—are strongly suppressed by impurities. Meanwhile, for applications, the robustness of Cooper pairs to disorder is highly desired. Recently, it has been suggested that unconventional systems become robust if the impurity scattering mixes quasiparticle states only within individual subsystems obeying the Anderson theorem that protects conventional superconductivity. Here, we experimentally verify this conjecture by measuring the temperature dependence of the energy gap in the polar phase of superfluid 3He. We show that oriented columnar non-magnetic defects do not essentially modify the energy spectrum, which has a Dirac nodal line. Although the scattering is strong, it preserves the momentum along the length of the columns and forms robust subsystems according to the conjecture. This finding may stimulate future experiments on the protection of topological superconductivity against disorder and on the nature of topological fermionic flat bands.

Suggested Citation

  • T. Kamppinen & J. Rysti & M.-M. Volard & G. E. Volovik & V. B. Eltsov, 2023. "Topological nodal line in superfluid 3He and the Anderson theorem," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-39977-2
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39977-2
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yuan Cao & Valla Fatemi & Shiang Fang & Kenji Watanabe & Takashi Taniguchi & Efthimios Kaxiras & Pablo Jarillo-Herrero, 2018. "Unconventional superconductivity in magic-angle graphene superlattices," Nature, Nature, vol. 556(7699), pages 43-50, April.
    2. P. J. Heikkinen & A. Casey & L. V. Levitin & X. Rojas & A. Vorontsov & P. Sharma & N. Zhelev & J. M. Parpia & J. Saunders, 2021. "Fragility of surface states in topological superfluid 3He," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-8, December.
    3. Chandan Setty & Shinibali Bhattacharyya & Yifu Cao & Andreas Kreisel & P. J. Hirschfeld, 2020. "Topological ultranodal pair states in iron-based superconductors," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-6, December.
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