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Supercooling of the A phase of 3He

Author

Listed:
  • Y. Tian

    (Cornell University)

  • D. Lotnyk

    (Cornell University)

  • A. Eyal

    (Cornell University
    Technion)

  • K. Zhang

    (University of Sussex
    University of Helsinki)

  • N. Zhelev

    (Cornell University
    Northwestern University)

  • T. S. Abhilash

    (Cornell University
    VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd)

  • A. Chavez

    (Cornell University)

  • E. N. Smith

    (Cornell University)

  • M. Hindmarsh

    (University of Sussex
    University of Helsinki)

  • J. Saunders

    (Royal Holloway University of London)

  • E. Mueller

    (Cornell University)

  • J. M. Parpia

    (Cornell University)

Abstract

Because of the extreme purity, lack of disorder, and complex order parameter, the first-order superfluid 3He A–B transition is the leading model system for first order transitions in the early universe. Here we report on the path dependence of the supercooling of the A phase over a wide range of pressures below 29.3 bar at nearly zero magnetic field. The A phase can be cooled significantly below the thermodynamic A–B transition temperature. While the extent of supercooling is highly reproducible, it depends strongly upon the cooling trajectory: The metastability of the A phase is enhanced by transiting through regions where the A phase is more stable. We provide evidence that some of the additional supercooling is due to the elimination of B phase nucleation precursors formed upon passage through the superfluid transition. A greater understanding of the physics is essential before 3He can be exploited to model transitions in the early universe.

Suggested Citation

  • Y. Tian & D. Lotnyk & A. Eyal & K. Zhang & N. Zhelev & T. S. Abhilash & A. Chavez & E. N. Smith & M. Hindmarsh & J. Saunders & E. Mueller & J. M. Parpia, 2023. "Supercooling of the A phase of 3He," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-35532-7
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35532-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. P. J. Heikkinen & A. Casey & L. V. Levitin & X. Rojas & A. Vorontsov & P. Sharma & N. Zhelev & J. M. Parpia & J. Saunders, 2021. "Fragility of surface states in topological superfluid 3He," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-8, December.
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