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Effectiveness of ChAdOx1-S COVID-19 booster vaccination against the Omicron and Delta variants in England

Author

Listed:
  • Freja Cordelia Møller Kirsebom

    (UK Health Security Agency)

  • Nick Andrews

    (UK Health Security Agency
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine)

  • Ruchira Sachdeva

    (UK Health Security Agency)

  • Julia Stowe

    (UK Health Security Agency)

  • Mary Ramsay

    (UK Health Security Agency
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine)

  • Jamie Lopez Bernal

    (UK Health Security Agency
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
    Imperial College London)

Abstract

Despite the availability of the ChAdOx1-S booster vaccine, little is known about the real-world effectiveness although clinical trials have demonstrated enhanced immunity following a ChAdOx1-S booster. In England 43,171 individuals received a ChAdOx1-S booster whilst 13,038,908 individuals received BNT162b2 in the same period. ChAdOx1-S booster recipients were more likely to be female (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.67 (1.64-1.71)), in a clinical risk group (adjusted OR 1.58 (1.54-1.63)), in the clinically extremely vulnerable group (adjusted OR 1.84 (1.79-1.89)) or severely immunosuppressed (adjusted OR 2.05 (1.96-2.13)). The effectiveness of the ChAdOx1-S and BNT162b2 boosters is estimated here using a test-negative case-control study. Protection against symptomatic disease with the Omicron variant peaks at 66.1% (16.6 to 86.3%) and 68.5% (65.7 to 71.2%) for the ChAdOx1-S and BNT162b2 boosters in older adults. Protection against hospitalisation peaks at 82.3% (64.2 to 91.3%) and 90.9% (88.7 to 92.7%). For Delta, effectiveness against hospitalisation is 80.9% (15.6% to 95.7%) and 93.9% (92.8% to 94.9%) after ChAdOx1-S and BNT162b2 booster vaccination. This study supports the consideration of ChAdOx1-S booster vaccination for protection against severe COVID-19 in settings yet to offer boosters and suggests that individuals who received a ChAdOx1-S booster do not require re-vaccination ahead of others.

Suggested Citation

  • Freja Cordelia Møller Kirsebom & Nick Andrews & Ruchira Sachdeva & Julia Stowe & Mary Ramsay & Jamie Lopez Bernal, 2022. "Effectiveness of ChAdOx1-S COVID-19 booster vaccination against the Omicron and Delta variants in England," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-35168-7
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35168-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Julia Stowe & Nick Andrews & Freja Kirsebom & Mary Ramsay & Jamie Lopez Bernal, 2022. "Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against Omicron and Delta hospitalisation, a test negative case-control study," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
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