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Human seasonal influenza under COVID-19 and the potential consequences of influenza lineage elimination

Author

Listed:
  • Vijaykrishna Dhanasekaran

    (The University of Hong Kong
    The University of Hong Kong)

  • Sheena Sullivan

    (Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity)

  • Kimberly M. Edwards

    (The University of Hong Kong
    The University of Hong Kong)

  • Ruopeng Xie

    (The University of Hong Kong
    The University of Hong Kong)

  • Arseniy Khvorov

    (Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity)

  • Sophie A. Valkenburg

    (The University of Hong Kong
    The University of Hong Kong)

  • Benjamin J. Cowling

    (The University of Hong Kong)

  • Ian G. Barr

    (Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity
    University of Melbourne)

Abstract

Annual epidemics of seasonal influenza cause hundreds of thousands of deaths, high levels of morbidity, and substantial economic loss. Yet, global influenza circulation has been heavily suppressed by public health measures and travel restrictions since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Notably, the influenza B/Yamagata lineage has not been conclusively detected since April 2020, and A(H3N2), A(H1N1), and B/Victoria viruses have since circulated with considerably less genetic diversity. Travel restrictions have largely confined regional outbreaks of A(H3N2) to South and Southeast Asia, B/Victoria to China, and A(H1N1) to West Africa. Seasonal influenza transmission lineages continue to perish globally, except in these select hotspots, which will likely seed future epidemics. Waning population immunity and sporadic case detection will further challenge influenza vaccine strain selection and epidemic control. We offer a perspective on the potential short- and long-term evolutionary dynamics of seasonal influenza and discuss potential consequences and mitigation strategies as global travel gradually returns to pre-pandemic levels.

Suggested Citation

  • Vijaykrishna Dhanasekaran & Sheena Sullivan & Kimberly M. Edwards & Ruopeng Xie & Arseniy Khvorov & Sophie A. Valkenburg & Benjamin J. Cowling & Ian G. Barr, 2022. "Human seasonal influenza under COVID-19 and the potential consequences of influenza lineage elimination," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-29402-5
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29402-5
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