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Lineage-specific protection and immune imprinting shape the age distributions of influenza B cases

Author

Listed:
  • Marcos C. Vieira

    (University of Chicago)

  • Celeste M. Donato

    (Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
    The University of Melbourne)

  • Philip Arevalo

    (University of Chicago)

  • Guus F. Rimmelzwaan

    (University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover)

  • Timothy Wood

    (Institute of Environmental Science and Research)

  • Liza Lopez

    (Institute of Environmental Science and Research)

  • Q. Sue Huang

    (Institute of Environmental Science and Research)

  • Vijaykrishna Dhanasekaran

    (Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University)

  • Katia Koelle

    (Emory University)

  • Sarah Cobey

    (University of Chicago)

Abstract

How a history of influenza virus infections contributes to protection is not fully understood, but such protection might explain the contrasting age distributions of cases of the two lineages of influenza B, B/Victoria and B/Yamagata. Fitting a statistical model to those distributions using surveillance data from New Zealand, we found they could be explained by historical changes in lineage frequencies combined with cross-protection between strains of the same lineage. We found additional protection against B/Yamagata in people for whom it was their first influenza B infection, similar to the immune imprinting observed in influenza A. While the data were not informative about B/Victoria imprinting, B/Yamagata imprinting could explain the fewer B/Yamagata than B/Victoria cases in cohorts born in the 1990s and the bimodal age distribution of B/Yamagata cases. Longitudinal studies can test if these forms of protection inferred from historical data extend to more recent strains and other populations.

Suggested Citation

  • Marcos C. Vieira & Celeste M. Donato & Philip Arevalo & Guus F. Rimmelzwaan & Timothy Wood & Liza Lopez & Q. Sue Huang & Vijaykrishna Dhanasekaran & Katia Koelle & Sarah Cobey, 2021. "Lineage-specific protection and immune imprinting shape the age distributions of influenza B cases," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-14, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-24566-y
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24566-y
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    Cited by:

    1. Vijaykrishna Dhanasekaran & Sheena Sullivan & Kimberly M. Edwards & Ruopeng Xie & Arseniy Khvorov & Sophie A. Valkenburg & Benjamin J. Cowling & Ian G. Barr, 2022. "Human seasonal influenza under COVID-19 and the potential consequences of influenza lineage elimination," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    2. Magen E. Francis & Ethan B. Jansen & Anthony Yourkowski & Alaa Selim & Cynthia L. Swan & Brian K. MacPhee & Brittany Thivierge & Rachelle Buchanan & Kerry J. Lavender & Joseph Darbellay & Matthew B. R, 2023. "Previous infection with seasonal coronaviruses does not protect male Syrian hamsters from challenge with SARS-CoV-2," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-21, December.

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