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The selection force weakens with age because ageing evolves and not vice versa

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  • Stefano Giaimo

    (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology)

  • Arne Traulsen

    (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology)

Abstract

According to the classic theory of life history evolution, ageing evolves because selection on traits necessarily weakens throughout reproductive life. But this inexorable decline of the selection force with adult age was shown to crucially depend on specific assumptions that are not necessarily fulfilled. Whether ageing still evolves upon their relaxation remains an open problem. Here, we propose a fully dynamical model of life history evolution that does not presuppose any specific pattern the force of selection should follow. The model shows: (i) ageing can stably evolve, but negative ageing cannot; (ii) when ageing is a stable equilibrium, the associated selection force decreases with reproductive age; (iii) non-decreasing selection is either a transient or an unstable phenomenon. Thus, we generalize the classic theory of the evolution of ageing while overturning its logic: the decline of selection with age evolves dynamically, and is not an implicit consequence of certain assumptions.

Suggested Citation

  • Stefano Giaimo & Arne Traulsen, 2022. "The selection force weakens with age because ageing evolves and not vice versa," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-7, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-28254-3
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28254-3
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    1. James W. Vaupel & Annette Baudisch & Martin Dölling & Deborah A. Roach & Jutta Gampe, 2004. "The case for negative senescence," MPIDR Working Papers WP-2004-002, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.
    2. Owen R. Jones & Alexander Scheuerlein & Roberto Salguero-Gómez & Carlo Giovanni Camarda & Ralf Schaible & Brenda B. Casper & Johan P. Dahlgren & Johan Ehrlén & María B. García & Eric S. Menges & Pedro, 2014. "Diversity of ageing across the tree of life," Nature, Nature, vol. 505(7482), pages 169-173, January.
    3. Mary F. Durham & Michael M. Magwire & Eric A. Stone & Jeff Leips, 2014. "Genome-wide analysis in Drosophila reveals age-specific effects of SNPs on fitness traits," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 5(1), pages 1-8, September.
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    1. Giaimo, Stefano, 2022. "Selection on age-specific survival: Constant versus fluctuating environment," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 136-149.

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