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Regulation of plant phototropic growth by NPH3/RPT2-like substrate phosphorylation and 14-3-3 binding

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  • Stuart Sullivan

    (University of Glasgow)

  • Thomas Waksman

    (University of Glasgow)

  • Dimitra Paliogianni

    (University of Glasgow)

  • Louise Henderson

    (University of Glasgow)

  • Melanie Lütkemeyer

    (University of Glasgow
    Bielefeld University)

  • Noriyuki Suetsugu

    (University of Glasgow
    The University of Tokyo)

  • John M. Christie

    (University of Glasgow)

Abstract

Polarity underlies all directional growth responses in plants including growth towards the light (phototropism). The plasma-membrane associated protein, NON-PHOTOTROPIC HYPOCOTYL 3 (NPH3) is a key determinant of phototropic growth which is regulated by phototropin (phot) AGC kinases. Here we demonstrate that NPH3 is directly phosphorylated by phot1 within a conserved C-terminal consensus sequence (RxS) that is necessary to promote phototropism and petiole positioning in Arabidopsis. RxS phosphorylation also triggers 14-3-3 binding combined with changes in NPH3 phosphorylation and localisation status. Mutants of NPH3 that are unable to bind or constitutively bind 14-3-3 s show compromised functionality consistent with a model where phototropic curvature is established by signalling outputs arising from a gradient of NPH3 RxS phosphorylation across the stem. Our findings therefore establish that NPH3/RPT2-Like (NRL) proteins are phosphorylation targets for plant AGC kinases. Moreover, RxS phosphorylation is conserved in other members of the NRL family, suggesting a common mechanism of regulating plant growth to the prevailing light environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Stuart Sullivan & Thomas Waksman & Dimitra Paliogianni & Louise Henderson & Melanie Lütkemeyer & Noriyuki Suetsugu & John M. Christie, 2021. "Regulation of plant phototropic growth by NPH3/RPT2-like substrate phosphorylation and 14-3-3 binding," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-26333-5
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26333-5
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Asami Hiyama & Atsushi Takemiya & Shintaro Munemasa & Eiji Okuma & Naoyuki Sugiyama & Yasuomi Tada & Yoshiyuki Murata & Ken-ichiro Shimazaki, 2017. "Blue light and CO2 signals converge to regulate light-induced stomatal opening," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 8(1), pages 1-13, December.
    2. Paolo Schumacher & Emilie Demarsy & Patrice Waridel & Laure Allenbach Petrolati & Martine Trevisan & Christian Fankhauser, 2018. "A phosphorylation switch turns a positive regulator of phototropism into an inhibitor of the process," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-9, December.
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