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Bidirectional interconversion of microwave and light with thin-film lithium niobate

Author

Listed:
  • Yuntao Xu

    (Yale University)

  • Ayed Al Sayem

    (Yale University)

  • Linran Fan

    (Yale University
    The University of Arizona)

  • Chang-Ling Zou

    (Yale University)

  • Sihao Wang

    (Yale University)

  • Risheng Cheng

    (Yale University)

  • Wei Fu

    (Yale University)

  • Likai Yang

    (Yale University)

  • Mingrui Xu

    (Yale University)

  • Hong X. Tang

    (Yale University)

Abstract

Superconducting cavity electro-optics presents a promising route to coherently convert microwave and optical photons and distribute quantum entanglement between superconducting circuits over long-distance. Strong Pockels nonlinearity and high-performance optical cavity are the prerequisites for high conversion efficiency. Thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) offers these desired characteristics. Despite significant recent progresses, only unidirectional conversion with efficiencies on the order of 10−5 has been realized. In this article, we demonstrate the bidirectional electro-optic conversion in TFLN-superconductor hybrid system, with conversion efficiency improved by more than three orders of magnitude. Our air-clad device architecture boosts the sustainable intracavity pump power at cryogenic temperatures by suppressing the prominent photorefractive effect that limits cryogenic performance of TFLN, and reaches an efficiency of 1.02% (internal efficiency of 15.2%). This work firmly establishes the TFLN-superconductor hybrid EO system as a highly competitive transduction platform for future quantum network applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Yuntao Xu & Ayed Al Sayem & Linran Fan & Chang-Ling Zou & Sihao Wang & Risheng Cheng & Wei Fu & Likai Yang & Mingrui Xu & Hong X. Tang, 2021. "Bidirectional interconversion of microwave and light with thin-film lithium niobate," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-7, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-24809-y
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24809-y
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    Cited by:

    1. Liu Qiu & Rishabh Sahu & William Hease & Georg Arnold & Johannes M. Fink, 2023. "Coherent optical control of a superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical dynamical back-action," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
    2. Timothy P. McKenna & Hubert S. Stokowski & Vahid Ansari & Jatadhari Mishra & Marc Jankowski & Christopher J. Sarabalis & Jason F. Herrmann & Carsten Langrock & Martin M. Fejer & Amir H. Safavi-Naeini, 2022. "Ultra-low-power second-order nonlinear optics on a chip," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Terence Blésin & Wil Kao & Anat Siddharth & Rui N. Wang & Alaina Attanasio & Hao Tian & Sunil A. Bhave & Tobias J. Kippenberg, 2024. "Bidirectional microwave-optical transduction based on integration of high-overtone bulk acoustic resonators and photonic circuits," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    4. Rishabh Sahu & William Hease & Alfredo Rueda & Georg Arnold & Liu Qiu & Johannes M. Fink, 2022. "Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-7, December.
    5. Chiao-Hsuan Wang & Fangxin Li & Liang Jiang, 2022. "Quantum capacities of transducers," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    6. Likai Yang & Sihao Wang & Mohan Shen & Jiacheng Xie & Hong X. Tang, 2023. "Controlling single rare earth ion emission in an electro-optical nanocavity," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-6, December.

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