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In situ observation of thermal-driven degradation and safety concerns of lithiated graphite anode

Author

Listed:
  • Xiang Liu

    (Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory)

  • Liang Yin

    (X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory)

  • Dongsheng Ren

    (Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University
    Tsinghua University)

  • Li Wang

    (Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University
    Tsinghua University)

  • Yang Ren

    (X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory)

  • Wenqian Xu

    (X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory)

  • Saul Lapidus

    (X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory)

  • Hewu Wang

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Xiangming He

    (Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University
    Tsinghua University)

  • Zonghai Chen

    (Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory)

  • Gui-Liang Xu

    (Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory)

  • Minggao Ouyang

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Khalil Amine

    (Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory
    Stanford University
    Institute for Research& Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU))

Abstract

Graphite, a robust host for reversible lithium storage, enabled the first commercially viable lithium-ion batteries. However, the thermal degradation pathway and the safety hazards of lithiated graphite remain elusive. Here, solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) decomposition, lithium leaching, and gas release of the lithiated graphite anode during heating were examined by in situ synchrotron X-ray techniques and in situ mass spectroscopy. The source of flammable gas such as H2 was identified and quantitively analyzed. Also, the existence of highly reactive residual lithium on the graphite surface was identified at high temperatures. Our results emphasized the critical role of the SEI in anode thermal stability and uncovered the potential safety hazards of the flammable gases and leached lithium. The anode thermal degradation mechanism revealed in the present work will stimulate more efforts in the rational design of anodes to enable safe energy storage.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiang Liu & Liang Yin & Dongsheng Ren & Li Wang & Yang Ren & Wenqian Xu & Saul Lapidus & Hewu Wang & Xiangming He & Zonghai Chen & Gui-Liang Xu & Minggao Ouyang & Khalil Amine, 2021. "In situ observation of thermal-driven degradation and safety concerns of lithiated graphite anode," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-24404-1
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24404-1
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    Cited by:

    1. Wei, Gang & Huang, Ranjun & Zhang, Guangxu & Jiang, Bo & Zhu, Jiangong & Guo, Yangyang & Han, Guangshuai & Wei, Xuezhe & Dai, Haifeng, 2023. "A comprehensive insight into the thermal runaway issues in the view of lithium-ion battery intrinsic safety performance and venting gas explosion hazards," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 349(C).
    2. Ban Seok Lee & Sang-Hwan Oh & Yoon Jeong Choi & Min-Jeong Yi & So Hee Kim & Shin-Yeong Kim & Yung-Eun Sung & Sun Young Shin & Yongju Lee & Seung-Ho Yu, 2023. "SiO-induced thermal instability and interplay between graphite and SiO in graphite/SiO composite anode," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, December.
    3. Fransson, Matilda & Broche, Ludovic & Reid, Hamish T. & Patel, Drasti & Rack, Alexander & Shearing, Paul R., 2024. "Investigating thermal runaway dynamics and integrated safety mechanisms of micro-batteries using high-speed X-ray imaging," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 369(C).

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