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A combination of chitooligosaccharide and lipochitooligosaccharide recognition promotes arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in Medicago truncatula

Author

Listed:
  • Feng Feng

    (University of Cambridge)

  • Jongho Sun

    (University of Cambridge)

  • Guru V. Radhakrishnan

    (Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre)

  • Tak Lee

    (University of Cambridge)

  • Zoltán Bozsóki

    (Aarhus University)

  • Sébastien Fort

    (Université de Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV)

  • Aleksander Gavrin

    (University of Cambridge)

  • Kira Gysel

    (Aarhus University)

  • Mikkel B. Thygesen

    (University of Copenhagen)

  • Kasper Røjkjær Andersen

    (Aarhus University)

  • Simona Radutoiu

    (Aarhus University)

  • Jens Stougaard

    (Aarhus University)

  • Giles E. D. Oldroyd

    (University of Cambridge)

Abstract

Plants associate with beneficial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi facilitating nutrient acquisition. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi produce chitooligosaccharides (COs) and lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs), that promote symbiosis signalling with resultant oscillations in nuclear-associated calcium. The activation of symbiosis signalling must be balanced with activation of immunity signalling, which in fungal interactions is promoted by COs resulting from the chitinaceous fungal cell wall. Here we demonstrate that COs ranging from CO4-CO8 can induce symbiosis signalling in Medicago truncatula. CO perception is a function of the receptor-like kinases MtCERK1 and LYR4, that activate both immunity and symbiosis signalling. A combination of LCOs and COs act synergistically to enhance symbiosis signalling and suppress immunity signalling and receptors involved in both CO and LCO perception are necessary for mycorrhizal establishment. We conclude that LCOs, when present in a mix with COs, drive a symbiotic outcome and this mix of signals is essential for arbuscular mycorrhizal establishment.

Suggested Citation

  • Feng Feng & Jongho Sun & Guru V. Radhakrishnan & Tak Lee & Zoltán Bozsóki & Sébastien Fort & Aleksander Gavrin & Kira Gysel & Mikkel B. Thygesen & Kasper Røjkjær Andersen & Simona Radutoiu & Jens Stou, 2019. "A combination of chitooligosaccharide and lipochitooligosaccharide recognition promotes arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in Medicago truncatula," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:10:y:2019:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-019-12999-5
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12999-5
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    Cited by:

    1. Mengjie Qiao & Ruibo Sun & Zixuan Wang & Kenneth Dumack & Xingguang Xie & Chuanchao Dai & Ertao Wang & Jizhong Zhou & Bo Sun & Xinhua Peng & Michael Bonkowski & Yan Chen, 2024. "Legume rhizodeposition promotes nitrogen fixation by soil microbiota under crop diversification," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, December.
    2. Xin-Ran Li & Jongho Sun & Doris Albinsky & Darius Zarrabian & Raphaella Hull & Tak Lee & Edwin Jarratt-Barnham & Chai Hao Chiu & Amy Jacobsen & Eleni Soumpourou & Alessio Albanese & Wouter Kohlen & Le, 2022. "Nutrient regulation of lipochitooligosaccharide recognition in plants via NSP1 and NSP2," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-15, December.
    3. Penelope L. Lindsay & Sergey Ivanov & Nathan Pumplin & Xinchun Zhang & Maria J. Harrison, 2022. "Distinct ankyrin repeat subdomains control VAPYRIN locations and intracellular accommodation functions during arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-15, December.

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