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Setting and smashing extreme temperature records over the coming century

Author

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  • Scott B. Power

    (Bureau of Meteorology)

  • François P. D. Delage

    (Bureau of Meteorology)

Abstract

Changes in the intensity or frequency of extreme climate events can profoundly increase the disruption caused by climate change1–4. The more extreme these events, the greater the potential to push ecosystems and communities beyond their ability to cope3,5. The rate at which existing high temperature records have been broken has increased in response to rising global greenhouse gas emissions (GGHGEs)2,6–8, and the rate at which historical records are surpassed is projected to increase further over the coming century1,2,9,10. Here we examine future events that will be so extreme that they will not have been experienced previously. Record setting in 22 climate models11 indicates that, by the end of the twenty-first century, under business-as-usual increases in GGHGEs (representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5 (ref. 12)), high monthly mean temperature records will be set in approximately 58% of the world every year, and in 67% of least developed countries and 68% of small island developing states. These figures all drop to 14% under a scenario with much lower GHG concentrations (RCP2.6 (ref. 12)). In any given year, the likelihood of ‘smashing’ at least one monthly record by more than 1.0 °C is much less likely under RCP2.6 than it is under RCP8.5 (1.1 versus 8.9%).

Suggested Citation

  • Scott B. Power & François P. D. Delage, 2019. "Setting and smashing extreme temperature records over the coming century," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 9(7), pages 529-534, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcli:v:9:y:2019:i:7:d:10.1038_s41558-019-0498-5
    DOI: 10.1038/s41558-019-0498-5
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    Cited by:

    1. Rishikesh Yadav & Raphaël Huser & Thomas Opitz, 2021. "Spatial hierarchical modeling of threshold exceedances using rate mixtures," Environmetrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 32(3), May.
    2. Savin Chand & Scott Power & Kevin Walsh & Neil Holbrook & Kathleen McInnes & Kevin Tory & Hamish Ramsay & Ron Hoeke & Anthony S. Kiem, 2023. "Climate processes and drivers in the Pacific and global warming: a review for informing Pacific planning agencies," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 176(2), pages 1-16, February.
    3. Yang, Jun & Hao, Yun & Feng, Chao, 2021. "A race between economic growth and carbon emissions: What play important roles towards global low-carbon development?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    4. Patrick Moriarty & Damon Honnery, 2019. "Energy Efficiency or Conservation for Mitigating Climate Change?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-17, September.
    5. N. Naveena & G. Ch. Satyanarayana & D. V. Bhaskar Rao & D. Srinivas, 2021. "An accentuated “hot blob” over Vidarbha, India, during the pre-monsoon season," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 105(2), pages 1359-1373, January.

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