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Seasonally dependent responses of subtropical highs and tropical rainfall to anthropogenic warming

Author

Listed:
  • Fengfei Song

    (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)

  • L. Ruby Leung

    (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)

  • Jian Lu

    (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)

  • Lu Dong

    (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)

Abstract

The subtropical highs are semi-permanent atmospheric features that strengthen during April–September, exerting a large influence on regional rainfall1–5. Previous studies have focused on the changes of subtropical highs during their peak season (June–August)6–8, but little is known about their changes in other seasons. Here, a suite of multi-model simulations are used to demonstrate the robust seasonally dependent responses of subtropical highs and tropical rainfall to anthropogenic warming. The zonal-mean subtropical highs in the Northern Hemisphere are shown to strengthen more during April–June than July–September, with opposite responses for the Southern Hemisphere counterparts. These responses are closely related to a southward shift of tropical rainfall in April–June relative to July–September, manifesting in a seasonal delay of tropical rainfall and monsoon onset in the Northern Hemisphere9,10. Such seasonality is found to occur in response to elevated latent energy demand in the hemisphere warming up seasonally, as dictated by the Clausius–Clapeyron relation. The interhemispheric energy contrast drives a southward shift of tropical rainfall that strengthens the Hadley cell and zonal-mean subtropical highs in the Northern Hemisphere in April–June relative to July–September. These changes scale linearly with warming, with increasing implications for projecting climate changes in the tropics and subtropics as warming continues.

Suggested Citation

  • Fengfei Song & L. Ruby Leung & Jian Lu & Lu Dong, 2018. "Seasonally dependent responses of subtropical highs and tropical rainfall to anthropogenic warming," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 8(9), pages 787-792, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcli:v:8:y:2018:i:9:d:10.1038_s41558-018-0244-4
    DOI: 10.1038/s41558-018-0244-4
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    Cited by:

    1. Shijie Zhou & Ping Huang & Lin Wang & Kaiming Hu & Gang Huang & Peng Hu, 2024. "Robust changes in global subtropical circulation under greenhouse warming," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Gan Zhang, 2023. "Warming-induced contraction of tropical convection delays and reduces tropical cyclone formation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Tianshi Du & Shengpeng Wang & Zhao Jing & Lixin Wu & Chao Zhang & Bihan Zhang, 2024. "Future changes in coastal upwelling and biological production in eastern boundary upwelling systems," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    4. Ralph Trancoso & Jozef Syktus & Richard P. Allan & Jacky Croke & Ove Hoegh-Guldberg & Robin Chadwick, 2024. "Significantly wetter or drier future conditions for one to two thirds of the world’s population," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.

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