IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/mth/ijhr88/v9y2019i4p275-305.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Tangible Rewards or Intangible Rewards - Which Play Most Significant Role in Increasing Job-Hopping Behavior in Generation Y Employees in Pakistan?

Author

Listed:
  • Uresha Saif
  • Danish Ahmed Siddiqui

Abstract

Job hopping in the modern world is one of the major challenges that can be perceived in the current workforce market in Generation Y. The determination of this exploration is to scrutinize among tangible or intangible rewards, which plays most significant role in increasing job-hopping behavior in Generation Y employees in Pakistan. Tangible rewards were factored in 1. Market Competitive Pay, 2. Monetary Benefits and 3. Performance Incentives, whereas intangible rewards include 1. Quality of Work, 2. Work Life Balance, 3. Inspiration & Values, 4. Organization Environment and 5. Future Growth & Opportunity. The data was collected by means of close ended likert scale based questionnaire from 201 employees who belong to different industries in Pakistan. Confirmatory factor analysis & Structured Equation Modelling were used for the examination. The study found that job hopping is optimistically associated with intangible rewards in Gen Y employees & negatively associated with tangible rewards. This research provides insight to employers which factors must be considered while developing strategies for employees’ compensation and retention in order to retain their competent employees and minimize job hopping behavior in Generation Y employees.

Suggested Citation

  • Uresha Saif & Danish Ahmed Siddiqui, 2019. "Tangible Rewards or Intangible Rewards - Which Play Most Significant Role in Increasing Job-Hopping Behavior in Generation Y Employees in Pakistan?," International Journal of Human Resource Studies, Macrothink Institute, vol. 9(4), pages 275-305, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:mth:ijhr88:v:9:y:2019:i:4:p:275-305
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/ijhrs/article/download/15685/12409
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/ijhrs/article/view/15685
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Danish Ahmed Siddiqui & Noor ul Rida, 2019. "Impact of Motivation on Employees Performance in Pakistan," Business Management and Strategy, Macrothink Institute, vol. 10(1), pages 1-22, December.
    2. Cumming, Douglas (ed.), 2012. "The Oxford Handbook of Entrepreneurial Finance," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780195391244.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Frank M. Fossen & Ray Rees & Davud Rostam-Afschar & Viktor Steiner, 2020. "The effects of income taxation on entrepreneurial investment: A puzzle?," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 27(6), pages 1321-1363, December.
    2. Cumming, Douglas & Deloof, Marc & Manigart, Sophie & Wright, Mike, 2019. "New directions in entrepreneurial finance," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 252-260.
    3. Andreas Wald & Merete Holmesland & Kalanit Efrat, 2019. "It Is Not All About Money: Obtaining Additional Benefits Through Equity Crowdfunding," Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies, Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India, vol. 28(2), pages 270-294, September.
    4. Maghyereh, Aktham I. & Awartani, Basel, 2018. "The factors influencing the decision to list on Abu Dhabi securities exchange," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 19(C), pages 89-103.
    5. Fossen, Frank M. & Glocker, Daniela, 2017. "Stated and revealed heterogeneous risk preferences in educational choice," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 1-25.
    6. Hårsman, Björn & Mattsson, Lars-Göran, 2019. "Reconsidering the returns to entrepreneurship: Applying a modified version of Lazear’s occupational choice model," Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation 478, Royal Institute of Technology, CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies.
    7. Bryan Malki & Timur Uman & Daniel Pittino, 2022. "The entrepreneurial financing of the immigrant entrepreneurs: a literature review," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 58(3), pages 1337-1365, March.
    8. Lechmann, Daniel S. J., 2013. "Can working conditions explain the return-to-entrepreneurship puzzle?," Discussion Papers 86, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Chair of Labour and Regional Economics.
    9. Michael Peneder, 2022. "Digitization and the evolution of money as a social technology of account," Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer, vol. 32(1), pages 175-203, January.
    10. Frank M. Fossen & Johannes König & Carsten Schröder, 2024. "Risk preference and entrepreneurial investment at the top of the wealth distribution," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 66(2), pages 735-761, February.
    11. Xu, Lei & Ou, Amy Y. & Park, Haemin Dennis & Jiang, Han, 2024. "Breaking barriers or maintaining status quo? Female representation in decision-making group of venture capital firms and the funding of woman-led businesses," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 39(1).
    12. Saul Estrin & Susanna Khavul & Alexander S. Kritikos & Jonas Löher, 2024. "Access to digital finance: Equity crowdfunding across countries and platforms," CEPA Discussion Papers 72, Center for Economic Policy Analysis.
    13. Julien Salin & Nadine Levratto, 2020. "Are business angel-backed companies truly different? a comparative analysis of the financial structure," EconomiX Working Papers 2020-5, University of Paris Nanterre, EconomiX.
    14. van Praag, Mirjam C. & Raknerud, Arvid, 2017. "The Returns to Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Matched Person-Firm Data," IZA Discussion Papers 11018, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    15. Koch, Michael & Park, Sarah & Zahra, Shaker A., 2021. "Career patterns in self-employment and career success," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 36(1).
    16. Jan Janku & Zuzana Kucerova, 2018. "Successful Crowdfunding Campaigns: The Role of Project Specifics, Competition and Founders’ Experience," Czech Journal of Economics and Finance (Finance a uver), Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, vol. 68(4), pages 351-373, September.
    17. Marc Deloof & Maurizio La Rocca & Tom Vanacker, 2019. "Local Banking Development and the Use of Debt Financing by New Firms," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 43(6), pages 1250-1276, November.
    18. Adam Seth Litwin & Phillip H. Phan, 2013. "Quality over Quantity: Reexamining the Link between Entrepreneurship and Job Creation," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 66(4), pages 833-873, July.
    19. Guido Buenstorf & Kristian Nielsen & Bram Timmermans, 2017. "Steve Jobs or No Jobs? Entrepreneurial activity and performance among Danish college dropouts and graduates," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 48(1), pages 179-197, January.
    20. Trond Randøy & R. Øystein Strøm & Roy Mersland, 2015. "The Impact of Entrepreneur–CEOs in Microfinance Institutions: A Global Survey," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 39(4), pages 927-953, July.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • R00 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General - - - General
    • Z0 - Other Special Topics - - General

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:mth:ijhr88:v:9:y:2019:i:4:p:275-305. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Technical Support Office (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/ijhrs/index .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.