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Dynamics Between Multilateralism and Regionalism in Relation to Trade Liberalization and Culture

Author

Listed:
  • Satoshi Kodera

    (Professor, Faculty of Law, Seinan Gakuin University)

Abstract

This paper revisits the conflict of trade liberalization and culture, both of which are basic values or interests, from the viewpoint of the relationship between multilateralism and regionalism. By doing so, this paper clarifies the relationship between multilateralism and regionalism, two forces that govern international economic relationships. For this purpose, this paper analyzes the relationship between trade liberalization and culture as divided into three phases. First, this paper looks at this relationship within the framework of multilateralism as embodied by the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), mainly with respect to the Uruguay Round of negotiations. Second, it examines the relationship of tension between two organizations embodying multilateralism, namely, the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Third, this paper looks at the transition from multilateralism to regionalism, which is epitomized by the implementation of the protocol on cultural cooperation by the EU. As a result of the analysis of these three phases, it becomes clear that between trade liberalization and culture, there is not only a relationship of conflict as exemplified by a shift of regionalism toward multilateralism, the fragmentation of multilateralism, and a shift of multilateralism toward regionalism, but also a dynamic and complementary relationship.

Suggested Citation

  • Satoshi Kodera, 2020. "Dynamics Between Multilateralism and Regionalism in Relation to Trade Liberalization and Culture," Public Policy Review, Policy Research Institute, Ministry of Finance Japan, vol. 16(5), pages 1-15, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:mof:journl:ppr16_05_03
    as

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    File URL: http://www.mof.go.jp/english/pri/publication/pp_review/ppr16_05_03.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Singh,J. P., 2008. "Negotiation and the Global Information Economy," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521731089, October.
    2. Singh,J. P., 2008. "Negotiation and the Global Information Economy," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521515313, October.
    3. Voon,Tania, 2007. "Cultural Products and the World Trade Organization," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521873277, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    WTO; Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions; UNESCO; regionalism; multilateralism; FTA;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • K33 - Law and Economics - - Other Substantive Areas of Law - - - International Law

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