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Defining and Dating Bull and Bear Markets: Two Centuries of Evidence

Author

Listed:
  • Liliana Gonzalez

    (University of Rhode Island, USA)

  • Philip Hoang

    (Australian National University, Australia)

  • John G. Powell Massey

    (University, New Zealand)

  • Jing Shi

    (Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, China and The Australian National University, Australia)

Abstract

A compelling reason for engaging in on-market buy-backs is that it provides a signal about the undervaluation of the company. In this paper an alternative, accounting based, method of determining fundamental value and undervaluation is used, namely the Ohlson residual income valuation framework. It is found that prior to the announcement buy-back companies are significantly undervalued relative to comparable non-buy-back companies. This undervaluation is largely but not totally removed in the period immediately following the on-market buy-back implying on-market buy-backs are predominantly an effective signaling mechanism. Where the firm cites undervaluation as a specific motive for the buy-back then, in fact, a higher degree of undervaluation prior to the buy-back is evident. The results provide evidence that management can, and does, identify undervaluation and reduces this through the signaling mechanism of on-market buy-backs.

Suggested Citation

  • Liliana Gonzalez & Philip Hoang & John G. Powell Massey & Jing Shi, 2006. "Defining and Dating Bull and Bear Markets: Two Centuries of Evidence," Multinational Finance Journal, Multinational Finance Journal, vol. 10(1-2), pages 81-116, March-Jun.
    • Handle: RePEc:mfj:journl:v:10:y:2006:i:1-2:p:81-116
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    3. Linh Nguyen & Vilém Novák & Soheyla Mirshahi, 2020. "Trend‐cycle Estimation Using Fuzzy Transform and Its Application for Identifying Bull and Bear Phases in Markets," Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(3), pages 111-124, July.
    4. Beata Bieszk-Stolorz & Iwona Markowicz, 2021. "Decline in Share Prices of Energy and Fuel Companies on the Warsaw Stock Exchange as a Reaction to the COVID-19 Pandemic," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-17, August.
    5. Yiwen Cui & Lei Li & Zijie Tang, 2021. "Risk Analysis of China Stock Market During Economic Downturns–Based on GARCH-VaR and Wavelet Transformation Approaches," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 11(4), pages 322-336, April.
    6. Damir Tokic & Dave Jackson, 2023. "When a correction turns into a bear market: What explains the depth of the stock market drawdown? A discretionary global macro approach," Journal of Asset Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 24(3), pages 184-197, May.
    7. Ibrahim M. Awad & Abdel-Rahman Al-Ewesat, 2017. "Volatility Persistence in Palestine Exchange Bulls and Bears: An Econometric Analysis of Time Series Data," Review of Economics & Finance, Better Advances Press, Canada, vol. 9, pages 83-97, August.
    8. Hanna, Alan J., 2018. "A top-down approach to identifying bull and bear market states," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 93-110.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    stock market; bulls and bears; turning point dating;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes

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