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Pakistan’s External Trade: Does Exchange Rate Misalignment Matter for Pakistan?

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  • M. Ashraf Janjua

    (Dean, College of Business Management, Karachi, and Former Deputy Governor, State Bank of Pakistan.)

Abstract

This paper is primarily aimed at assessing the significance of the exchange rate on Pakistan’s foreign trade. It estimates the Equilibrium Real Effective Exchange Rate (ERER) and exchange rate misalignment for Pakistan using annual data from FY78 to FY06. The Engle Granger co-integration technique is used for the estimation of ERER depending upon various macroeconomic fundamentals as recommended by Edwards (1994). The results of the study are also used for the forecasting of ERER and misalignment up to the year 2010. The results of the study reveal that ERER is determined by variables such as: a) terms of trade, b) trade openness, c) net capital inflows, d) relative productivity differential, e) government consumption, and f) workers’ remittances. The error correction term points to the gradual convergence of the real exchange rate towards the long-run equilibrium level which suggests that the prevailing Pak Rupee exchange rate has not deviated from the ERER and captures economic fundamental trends. Moreover, Pakistan’s foreign trade would depend significantly upon the state of economic fundamentals in the future. Improved economic fundamentals are likely to support trade besides paving the way for enhanced inflows of capital and financial receipts.

Suggested Citation

  • M. Ashraf Janjua, 2007. "Pakistan’s External Trade: Does Exchange Rate Misalignment Matter for Pakistan?," Lahore Journal of Economics, Department of Economics, The Lahore School of Economics, vol. 12(Special E), pages 126-152, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:lje:journl:v:12:y:2007:i:sp:p:126-152
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Matthew McCartney, 2015. "The Missing Economic Magic: The Failure of Trade Liberalization and Exchange Rate Devaluation in Pakistan, 1980–2012," Lahore Journal of Economics, Department of Economics, The Lahore School of Economics, vol. 20(Special E), pages 59-86, September.
    2. Farid Makhlouf & Mazhar Mughal, 2013. "Remittances, Dutch Disease, And Competitiveness: A Bayesian Analysis," Journal of Economic Development, Chung-Ang Unviersity, Department of Economics, vol. 38(2), pages 67-97, June.
    3. Naz, Farah & Mohsin, Asma & Zaman, Khalid, 2012. "Exchange rate pass-through in to inflation: New insights in to the cointegration relationship from Pakistan," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 29(6), pages 2205-2221.
    4. Muhammad Naveed TAHIR & Faran ALI & Dawood MAMOON, 2016. "Appropriate Exchange Rate Regime for Economic Structure of Pakistan," Turkish Economic Review, KSP Journals, vol. 3(4), pages 629-641, December.
    5. Hamna Ahmed, 2009. "Capital Flows and Real Exchange Rate Overvaluation - A Chronic Ailment: Evidence from Pakistan," Lahore Journal of Economics, Department of Economics, The Lahore School of Economics, vol. 14(Special E), pages 51-86, September.
    6. Waqar Khalid & Javed Iqbal & Nosheen Nasir & Misbah Nosheen, 2024. "Do real exchange rate misalignments have threshold effects on economic growth? Asymmetric evidence from Pakistan," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 57(6), pages 1-40, December.
    7. Farid Makhlouf & Mazhar Yasin Mughal, 2013. "Remittances, Dutch Disease, and Competitiveness: a Bayesian Analysis," Post-Print hal-01884858, HAL.
    8. Inayat U. Mangla & Jamshed Y. Uppal, 2014. "Macro-economic Policies and Energy Security—Implications for a Chronic Energy Deficit Country," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 53(3), pages 255-273.
    9. Irfan ul Haque, 2011. "The Capital Account and Pakistani Rupee Convertibility: Macroeconomic Policy Challenges," Lahore Journal of Economics, Department of Economics, The Lahore School of Economics, vol. 16(Special E), pages 95-121, September.
    10. Naved Hamid & Azka Sarosh Mir, 2017. "Exchange Rate Management and Economic Growth: A Brewing Crisis in Pakistan," Lahore Journal of Economics, Department of Economics, The Lahore School of Economics, vol. 22(Special E), pages 73-110, September.
    11. Zainab Jehan & Iffat Irshad, 2020. "Exchange Rate Misalignment and Economic Growth inPakistan: The Role of Financial Development," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 59(1), pages 81-99.
    12. Mudakkar, Syeda Rabab & Uppal, Jamshed Y. & Zaman, Khalid & Naseem, Imran & Shah, Ghias Ud Din, 2013. "Foreign exchange risk in a managed float regime: A case study of Pakistani rupee," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 409-417.
    13. Farid Makhlouf & Mazhar Mughal, 2013. "Remittances, Dutch Disease, And Competitiveness: A Bayesian Analysis," Journal of Economic Development, Chung-Ang Unviersity, Department of Economics, vol. 38(2), pages 67-97, June.
    14. Saira Tufail & Sadia Batool, 2013. "An Analysis of the Relationship between Inflation and Gold Prices: Evidence from Pakistan," Lahore Journal of Economics, Department of Economics, The Lahore School of Economics, vol. 18(2), pages 1-35, July-Dec.

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