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A Nemzeti Eszközkezelő szerepe a nem fizető adósok lakhatásának megőrzésében
[The role of the Hungarian National Asset Management Agency Ltd. in the preservation of non-performing debtors housing]

Author

Listed:
  • Fellner, Zita
  • Marosi, Anna
  • Szabó, Beáta

Abstract

A 2008-as globális válságot követő években a hazai lakossági adósok egy érdemi része nem tudta folytatni hiteleinek törlesztését. A leginkább rászoruló nem teljesítő jelzáloghitel-adósok lakhatásának megőrzése érdekében 2011-ben létrejött a Nemzeti Eszközkezelő (NET) Zrt. és az általa megvalósított eszközkezelői program. Az intézmény 2020 végén megszűnt, az ügyfelek jelentős része pedig kilépett a programból. A tanulmány célja, hogy részleteiben bemutassa a NET működését és ügyfeleit, elsősorban a bérlővé vált adósok helyzetén keresztül értékelve a programot. A kutatásban az intézmény vezetőivel folytatott szakértői interjúkra és a NET adminisztratív adatbázisára, valamint 1068 NET-ügyfél kérdőíves felmérésére támaszkodtunk. Eredményeink szerint a programban részt vevő ügyfeleknek az országos átlagnál alacsonyabb az iskolai végzettségük, és kedvezőtlenebb a jövedelmi helyzetük. Jórészt devizában adósodtak el, és helyzetük a válság miatti törlesztőrészlet-emelkedés és a munkaerőpiaci helyzet romlása, illetve a megtakarítások hiánya miatt vált kilátástalanná. Helyzetük javulását érdemben támogatta a NET-program, ugyanis mind a késedelmes lakbérfizetés, mind a lakásvesztés aránya minimális maradt körükben, a 2019-ben bevezetett kedvezményes visszavásárlás révén pedig 86 százalékuk újra ingatlana tulajdonosává vált. A programból vezető kiutak alakulását multinomiális logisztikus regresszióval vizsgáltuk. Eredményeink alapján a magasabb jövedelműek és a programba viszonylag későn belépők tudták nagyobb eséllyel visszavásárolni ingatlanukat. Ezen belül a többkeresős és többgyermekes háztartások, a magasabb iskolai végzettségűek és a kisebb tartozással rendelkezők nagyobb eséllyel tudták egy összegben visszavásárolni a lakást, mint részletre.* Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: D14, E51, R20.

Suggested Citation

  • Fellner, Zita & Marosi, Anna & Szabó, Beáta, 2022. "A Nemzeti Eszközkezelő szerepe a nem fizető adósok lakhatásának megőrzésében [The role of the Hungarian National Asset Management Agency Ltd. in the preservation of non-performing debtors housing]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(2), pages 199-229.
    • Handle: RePEc:ksa:szemle:2029
    DOI: 10.18414/KSZ.2022.2.199
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kathleen Scanlon & Jens Lunde & Christine Whitehead, 2011. "Responding to the Housing and Financial Crises: Mortgage Lending, Mortgage Products and Government Policies," International Journal of Housing Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(1), pages 23-49.
    2. Mr. Jochen R. Andritzky, 2014. "Resolving Residential Mortgage Distress: Time to Modify?," IMF Working Papers 2014/226, International Monetary Fund.
    3. Fischer, Andreas M. & Yeşin, Pınar, 2022. "Foreign currency loan conversions and currency mismatches," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    4. Scanlon, Kathleen & Lunde, Jens & Whitehead, Christine M. E., 2011. "Responding to the housing and financial crises: mortgage lending, mortgage products and government policies," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 29948, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • D14 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Household Saving; Personal Finance
    • E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
    • R20 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - General

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