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Keresetbevallás és újraelosztás az együttélő nemzedékek modelljében
[Underreported earnings and redistribution in the overlapping-generations model]

Author

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  • Simonovits, András

Abstract

E cikkben bemutatott modell a keresetbevallás és az újraelosztás kölcsönhatását elemzi az együttélő nemzedékek modelljében. Két nemzedék él együtt: a fiatal és az idős. A fiatalok keresnek, nyugdíjjárulékot fizetnek, adóznak, és ha marad pénzük, takarékoskodnak. Az idősek nyugdíjat kapnak, és felélik megtakarításaikat. Az adókból finanszírozzák a közjavakat, a nemzedékek között nincs, de a nemzedékeken belül lehetséges újraelosztás. A keresetbevallást és a megtakarítást az egyének olyan szubjektív hasznosságmaximalizáló magatartásából származtatjuk, amely leértékeli az időskort, és bár \"élvezi\" az adó- és járulékbevallást, potyautasként használja a közösségi javakat és szolgáltatásokat. A kormányzat olyan egyéni objektív hasznosságokat mérlegel, amelyek - a szubjektívekkel ellentétben - nem értékelik le az időskort, és explicit módon figyelembe veszik a közösségi árukat és szolgáltatásokat. A kormányzat az objektív hasznosságfüggvények átlagaként előállított, utilitarista társadalmi jóléti függvényt maximalizálja. Szükségszerűen gondoskodik bizonyos jövedelem-újraelosztásról, azaz jóléti maximalizálással adódnak a tb-nyugdíj- és az adórendszer paraméterértékei. Utilitarista társadalmi jóléti függvény és logaritmikus (illetve egy helyen lineáris taggal bővített) hasznosságfüggvények esetén a sötétszürke gazdaságban a bevallásarányos nyugdíj nagyobb jólétet nyújt, mint az alapnyugdíjjal kiegészített rendszer, a világosszürkében kisebbet. Az arányos rendszer fölénye azonban vélhetően ilyenkor is helyreállítható, ha megfelelő rászorultsági rendszerrel egészítik ki. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: H55, D91.

Suggested Citation

  • Simonovits, András, 2009. "Keresetbevallás és újraelosztás az együttélő nemzedékek modelljében [Underreported earnings and redistribution in the overlapping-generations model]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(2), pages 101-118.
    • Handle: RePEc:ksa:szemle:1076
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Simonovits, András, 2011. "Rászorultsági vagy alapnyugdíj? Nyugdíjjóváírás? [Means-tested or flat pension? Pension credit]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(4), pages 301-313.
    2. Simonovits, András, 2010. "Adómorál és adórendszer [Tax morality and progressive wage tax]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(6), pages 481-496.
    3. Simonovits, András, 2013. "Egyszerű paternalista transzfermodellek családja [A family of simple paternalistic transfer models]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(4), pages 402-430.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions
    • D91 - Microeconomics - - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics - - - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making

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