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Tradeoffs between Time Allocations to Maintenance Activities/Travel and Discretionary Activities/Travel

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  • Cynthia Chen
  • Patricia Mokhtarian

Abstract

This paper focuses on the tradeoff in time allocation between maintenance activities/travel and discretionary activities/travel. We recognize that people generally must travel a minimum amount of time in order to allocate one unit of time to the activity. This minimum amount of travel is represented by the travel time price, a ratio obtained by dividing the total amount of time traveling to maintenance or discretionary activities by the total amount of time spent on activities of the same type; it is the time equivalent of the monetary price for performing an activity. Using the San Francisco Bay Area 1996 Household Travel Survey data and applying the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) of demand equations, we found that with respect to the time equivalent of income elasticities of maintenance and discretionary activities, the former is less than unity and the latter is greater than unity. In other words, maintenance activities are a necessity and discretionary activities are a luxury. With respect to the own travel time price elasticities, if the travel time price of performing a certain type of activity increases (for reasons such as traffic congestion), one would reduce the time allocated to that type of activity. Time spent on maintenance activities is less elastic than the time spent on discretionary activities. As for the cross travel time price elasticities (changes in time allocated to activity type i in responses to changes in the time price for activity type j), we found that ɛ dm >0 and ɛ md >0, suggesting a substitution effect between maintenance and discretionary activities. Copyright Springer 2006

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  • Cynthia Chen & Patricia Mokhtarian, 2006. "Tradeoffs between Time Allocations to Maintenance Activities/Travel and Discretionary Activities/Travel," Transportation, Springer, vol. 33(3), pages 223-240, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:transp:v:33:y:2006:i:3:p:223-240
    DOI: 10.1007/s11116-005-2307-4
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    1. Chen, C & Mokhtarian, Patricia L, 2005. "An Exploratory Study Using an AIDS Model for Tradeoffs between Time Allocations to Maintenance Activities/Travel and Discretionary Activities/Travel," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt5wk60167, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    2. Evans, Alan W, 1972. "On the Theory of the Valuation and Allocation of Time," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 19(1), pages 1-17, February.
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    8. Yu Ding & Huapu Lu & Lei Zhang, 2016. "An analysis of activity time use on vehicle usage rationed days," Transportation, Springer, vol. 43(1), pages 145-158, January.
    9. Iragaël Joly & Stéphanie Vincent-Geslin, 2016. "Intensive travel time: an obligation or a choice?," Post-Print halshs-01309467, HAL.
    10. Tim Schwanen, 2008. "Reflections on Travel Time Savings: Comments to David Metz," Transport Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(6), pages 709-713, November.
    11. Joly, I. & Vincent-Geslin, S., 2011. "Raisons et pratiques de la pendularité intensive : le temps de trajet, entre temps subi et temps choisi," Working Papers 201108, Grenoble Applied Economics Laboratory (GAEL).
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    15. Joly, I., 2011. "Test of the relation between travel and activities times : different representations of a demand derived from activity participation," Working Papers 201103, Grenoble Applied Economics Laboratory (GAEL).
    16. Ralph, Kelcie & Morris, Eric A. & Kwon, Jaekyeong, 2022. "Disability, access to out-of-home activities, and subjective well-being," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 209-227.
    17. Zidan Mao & Dick Ettema & Martin Dijst, 2018. "Analysis of travel time and mode choice shift for non-work stops in commuting: case study of Beijing, China," Transportation, Springer, vol. 45(3), pages 751-766, May.
    18. Loa, Patrick & Hossain, Sanjana & Mashrur, Sk. Md. & Liu, Yicong & Wang, Kaili & Ong, Felita & Habib, Khandker Nurul, 2021. "Exploring the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on modality profiles for non-mandatory trips in the Greater Toronto Area," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 71-85.
    19. Mir Aftab Hussain Talpur & Madzlan Napiah & Imtiaz Ahmed Chandio & Shabir Hussain Khahro, 2012. "Transportation Planning Survey Methodologies for the Proposed Study of Physical and Socio-economic Development of Deprived Rural Regions: A Review," Modern Applied Science, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 6(7), pages 1-1, July.
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    21. Lee, Yuhwa & Washington, Simon & Frank, Lawrence D., 2009. "Examination of relationships between urban form, household activities, and time allocation in the Atlanta Metropolitan Region," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 43(4), pages 360-373, May.
    22. Cynthia Chen & Jason Chen, 2009. "What is responsible for the response lag of a significant change in discretionary time use: the built environment, family and social obligations, temporal constraints, or a psychological delay factor?," Transportation, Springer, vol. 36(1), pages 27-46, January.
    23. Susilo, Yusak O. & Hanks, Nathan & Ullah, Mahmud, 2013. "An exploration of shoppers travel mode choice in visiting convenience stores in the United Kingdom," Working papers in Transport Economics 2013:20, CTS - Centre for Transport Studies Stockholm (KTH and VTI).
    24. Enam, Annesha & Konduri, Karthik C. & Pinjari, Abdul R. & Eluru, Naveen, 2018. "An integrated choice and latent variable model for multiple discrete continuous choice kernels: Application exploring the association between day level moods and discretionary activity engagement choi," Journal of choice modelling, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 80-100.
    25. Liu, Chengxi & Susilo, Yusak O. & Karlström, Anders, 2014. "Examining the impact of weather variability on non-commuters’ daily activity–travel patterns in different regions of Sweden," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 36-48.

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