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Unilateral Effects of Horizontal Mergers with Vertical Relations Between Firms and Other Structural Market Changes

Author

Listed:
  • Magne K. Asphjell

    (Oslo Economics)

  • Harald N. Bergh

    (Oslo Economics)

  • Tyra Merker

    (Oslo Economics)

  • Jostein Skaar

    (Oslo Economics)

Abstract

If one firm buys inputs from a competitor, the input price may be used to internalize the competition between the firms. Thus, positive unilateral pricing effects may arise if one firm starts to buy inputs from a competitor. Conversely, unilateral pricing effects may be small if two firms with vertical relations merge, as pre-merger competition is partly internalized through the input price. We present a method for adjusting the formula of Hausman et al. (Econ Lett 111(2):119–121, 2011), in order to predict correct unilateral pricing effects not only for horizontal mergers, but also for structural changes in markets where one firm sells inputs to a rival.

Suggested Citation

  • Magne K. Asphjell & Harald N. Bergh & Tyra Merker & Jostein Skaar, 2017. "Unilateral Effects of Horizontal Mergers with Vertical Relations Between Firms and Other Structural Market Changes," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 51(3), pages 381-394, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:revind:v:51:y:2017:i:3:d:10.1007_s11151-017-9566-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s11151-017-9566-z
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Werden, Gregory J, 1996. "A Robust Test for Consumer Welfare Enhancing Mergers among Sellers of Differentiated Products," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(4), pages 409-413, December.
    2. Hausman, Jerry & Moresi, Serge & Rainey, Mark, 2011. "Unilateral effects of mergers with general linear demand," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 111(2), pages 119-121, May.
    3. Farrell Joseph & Shapiro Carl, 2010. "Antitrust Evaluation of Horizontal Mergers: An Economic Alternative to Market Definition," The B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 10(1), pages 1-41, March.
    4. Robert Willig, 2011. "Unilateral Competitive Effects of Mergers: Upward Pricing Pressure, Product Quality, and Other Extensions," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 39(1), pages 19-38, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Joe Perkins & Shiva Shekhar, 2024. "Horizontal Mergers and Supplier Power," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 64(4), pages 533-548, June.
    2. Michael Trost, 2021. "Is the Whole Greater than the Sum of Its Parts? Pricing Pressure Indices for Mergers of Vertically Integrated Firms," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 58(2), pages 235-262, March.
    3. Trost, Michael, 2018. "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts: Pricing pressure indices for mergers of vertically integrated firms," Hohenheim Discussion Papers in Business, Economics and Social Sciences 06-2018, University of Hohenheim, Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences.
    4. Harald Nygård Bergh & Arne Rogde Gramstad & Jostein Skaar, 2020. "Unilateral Price Effects and Vertical Relations Between Merging and Non-merging Firms," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 57(1), pages 131-143, August.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Merger analysis; Unilateral effects; Vertical restrictions;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L44 - Industrial Organization - - Antitrust Issues and Policies - - - Antitrust Policy and Public Enterprise, Nonprofit Institutions, and Professional Organizations
    • L42 - Industrial Organization - - Antitrust Issues and Policies - - - Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts

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