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State-Level LGBTQ + Policies and Experiences of Interpersonal Discrimination among Sexual and Gender Minority People

Author

Listed:
  • Alex J. Bates

    (University of Minnesota
    University of Minnesota)

  • Claire M. Kamp Dush

    (University of Minnesota
    University of Minnesota)

  • Wendy D. Manning

    (Bowling Green State University)

Abstract

Objectives To quantify the role of state-level lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+)-related policies on experiences of discrimination in a population-representative sample of partnered individuals. Methods An adjusted multilevel random-intercept logistic regression model with individuals (level-1) nested within states (level-2) and a cross-level interaction term between gender/sexual identity and policy score was used to estimate the predicted probability of any experiences of discrimination for cisgender heterosexual, transgender and non-binary, and cisgender sexual minority respondents. Results Experiences of discrimination in the past month were more common amongst transgender and non-binary (90.2%) respondents compared to their cisgender sexual minority (74.0%) or cisgender heterosexual (73.2%) counterparts. When compared to cisgender heterosexual respondents, the interaction term was found to be statistically significant for only transgender and non-binary (OR = 0.93, 95% CI [0.88, 0.98]) but not cisgender sexual minority respondents (OR = 0.99, 95% CI [0.97, 1.01]). Indicating that as state policy environments became more protective the odds of experiencing discrimination decreased at a more substantial rate for transgender and non-binary respondents when compared to cisgender sexual minority or cisgender heterosexual respondents. Conclusions Transgender and non-binary individuals experience more discrimination compared to their cisgender sexual minority or cisgender heterosexual counterparts. State-level LGBTQ + policy protections amplified the relationship between gender identity and experiences of discrimination.

Suggested Citation

  • Alex J. Bates & Claire M. Kamp Dush & Wendy D. Manning, 2024. "State-Level LGBTQ + Policies and Experiences of Interpersonal Discrimination among Sexual and Gender Minority People," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 43(5), pages 1-13, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:poprpr:v:43:y:2024:i:5:d:10.1007_s11113-024-09907-1
    DOI: 10.1007/s11113-024-09907-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mays, V.M. & Cochran, S.D., 2001. "Mental health correlates of perceived discrimination among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 91(11), pages 1869-1876.
    2. Bowleg, L., 2012. "The problem with the phrase women and minorities: Intersectionality-an important theoretical framework for public health," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(7), pages 1267-1273.
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