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Gender, Job Searching, and Employment Outcomes among Mexican Immigrants

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  • Gretchen Livingston

Abstract

Past quantitative research has typically disregarded the effect of gender on the relationship between social capital and immigrant adaptation. However, recent theory and qualitative evidence suggest that gender is a significant factor moderating this association. I use Mexican Migration Project (MMP) data regarding Mexican immigrant experiences in the U.S. to examine quantitatively how the process of job searching, and the effects of network-based job searching, vary by gender. Results show no evidence of overall sex differences in the likelihood of using network (i.e., family-based or friend-based) or individual (i.e., non-network) job search methods, but there are sex differences in the processes affecting job search method used. Settlement increases women’s use of their friend networks to obtain work, while for men, it decreases the use of networks of any kind. Contrary to conventional wisdom, women who use network-based job searches are less likely to obtain formal sector employment than women who find work without network assistance. Conversely, using network-based job searches increases the likelihood that men will find work in the formal sector. Since employment in the formal sector is correlated with wages, as well as nonwage benefits, this suggests that using networks in the job search has markedly different effects on the overall economic well-being of male and female Mexican immigrants in the U.S. Copyright Springer 2006

Suggested Citation

  • Gretchen Livingston, 2006. "Gender, Job Searching, and Employment Outcomes among Mexican Immigrants," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 25(1), pages 43-66, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:kap:poprpr:v:25:y:2006:i:1:p:43-66
    DOI: 10.1007/s11113-006-0002-6
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Constant, Amelie F. & Gataullina, Liliya & Zimmermann, Klaus F., 2006. "Gender, Ethnic Identity and Work," IZA Discussion Papers 2420, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    2. Simone Cremaschi & Carlo Devillanova, 2016. "Immigrants and Legal Status: Do Personal Contacts Matter?," RF Berlin - CReAM Discussion Paper Series 1629, Rockwool Foundation Berlin (RF Berlin) - Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration (CReAM).
    3. Bindu Panikkar & Doug Brugge & David M Gute & Raymond R Hyatt, 2015. "“They See Us As Machines:” The Experience of Recent Immigrant Women in the Low Wage Informal Labor Sector," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(11), pages 1-18, November.
    4. Katharine M. Donato, 2010. "U.S. Migration from Latin America: Gendered Patterns and Shifts," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 630(1), pages 78-92, July.
    5. Margaret Ralston & Xavier Escandell, 2012. "Networks Matter: Male Mexican Migrants’ Use of Hospitals," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 31(3), pages 321-337, June.
    6. Antman, Francisca M., 2018. "Women and Migration," IZA Discussion Papers 11282, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    7. Ibrahim Sirkeci & Jeffrey H. Cohen & Dilip Ratha, 2012. "Migration and Remittances during the Global Financial Crisis and Beyond," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 13092.
    8. Mireia Bolíbar, 2020. "Social capital, human capital and ethnic occupational niches: an analysis of ethnic and gender inequalities in the Spanish labour market," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 6(1), pages 1-9, December.
    9. Kim, Young Chul, 2009. "Lifetime Network Externality and the Dynamics of Group Inequality," MPRA Paper 18767, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Lancee, Bram, 2012. "Immigrant Performance in the Labour Market: Bonding and Bridging Social Capital," EconStor Books, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, number 251575, June.
    11. Menghan Zhao & Yongai Jin, 2020. "Migrant Workers in Beijing: How Hometown Ties Affect Economic Outcomes," Work, Employment & Society, British Sociological Association, vol. 34(5), pages 789-808, October.
    12. Roland Verwiebe & Christoph Reinprecht & Raimund Haindorfer & Laura Wiesboeck, 2017. "How to Succeed in a Transnational Labor Market: Job Search and Wages among Hungarian, Slovak, and Czech Commuters in Austria," International Migration Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51(1), pages 251-286, March.

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