IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/kap/jbuset/v167y2020i2d10.1007_s10551-019-04146-3.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Measuring the Integration of Social and Environmental Missions in Hybrid Organizations

Author

Listed:
  • Edward N. Gamble

    (Montana State University)

  • Simon C. Parker

    (Western University
    University of Aberdeen)

  • Peter W. Moroz

    (Hill/Levene School of Business)

Abstract

This paper introduces a new typology and associated measure of social and environmental mission integration (SEMI) by conceptually framing a feature of hybrid organizations—the degree of integration of their revenue model and social–environmental mission. The SEMI measure is illustrated using a hand-collected sample of 256 North American Certified B Corporations. We explore the heterogeneity of SEMI scores by identifying external-facing correlates and demonstrate non-congruence with Certified B Corporation’s audit results. Overall, our findings advance existing knowledge of these hybrid organizations and how they balance their social–environmental missions with their economic objectives.

Suggested Citation

  • Edward N. Gamble & Simon C. Parker & Peter W. Moroz, 2020. "Measuring the Integration of Social and Environmental Missions in Hybrid Organizations," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 167(2), pages 271-284, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:jbuset:v:167:y:2020:i:2:d:10.1007_s10551-019-04146-3
    DOI: 10.1007/s10551-019-04146-3
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10551-019-04146-3
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s10551-019-04146-3?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Morris, Michael & Schindehutte, Minet & Allen, Jeffrey, 2005. "The entrepreneur's business model: toward a unified perspective," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 58(6), pages 726-735, June.
    2. Giacomo Negro & Michael T. Hannan & Hayagreeva Rao, 2010. "Categorical contrast and audience appeal: niche width and critical success in winemaking," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 19(5), pages 1397-1425, October.
    3. Rodolphe Durand & Lionel Paolella, 2013. "Category Stretching: Reorienting Research on Categories in Strategy, Entrepreneurship, and Organization Theory," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 50(6), pages 1100-1123, September.
    4. Christoph Zott & Raphael Amit, 2008. "The fit between product market strategy and business model: implications for firm performance," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(1), pages 1-26, January.
    5. Filipe Santos, 2012. "A Positive Theory of Social Entrepreneurship," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 111(3), pages 335-351, December.
    6. Jeffery S. McMullen & Benjamin J. Warnick, 2016. "Should We Require Every New Venture to Be a Hybrid Organization?," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 53(4), pages 630-662, June.
    7. J.-P. Vergne & Tyler Wry, 2014. "Categorizing Categorization Research: Review, Integration, and Future Directions," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51(1), pages 56-94, January.
    8. Durand , Rodolphe & Paolella , Lionel, 2013. "Category Stretching: Reorienting Research on Categories in Strategy, Entrepreneurship, and Organization Theory," HEC Research Papers Series 996, HEC Paris.
    9. Kolk, Ans & Lenfant, François, 2016. "Hybrid business models for peace and reconciliation," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 59(5), pages 503-524.
    10. Christoph Zott & Raphael Amit, 2007. "Business Model Design and the Performance of Entrepreneurial Firms," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 18(2), pages 181-199, April.
    11. Zahra, Shaker A. & Gedajlovic, Eric & Neubaum, Donald O. & Shulman, Joel M., 2009. "A typology of social entrepreneurs: Motives, search processes and ethical challenges," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 24(5), pages 519-532, September.
    12. Janine Hiller, 2013. "The Benefit Corporation and Corporate Social Responsibility," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 118(2), pages 287-301, December.
    13. Fiona Wilson & James Post, 2013. "Business models for people, planet (& profits): exploring the phenomena of social business, a market-based approach to social value creation," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 40(3), pages 715-737, April.
    14. Rodolphe Durand & Jean Mcguire, 2005. "Legitimating Agencies in the Face of Selection: The Case of AACSB," Post-Print hal-00458090, HAL.
    15. Giacomo Negro & Ming D. Leung, 2013. "“Actual” and Perceptual Effects of Category Spanning," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 24(3), pages 684-696, June.
    16. Rodolphe Durand & Lionel Paolella, 2013. "Category Stretching: Reorienting Research on Categories in Strategy, Entrepreneurship, and Organization Theory," Post-Print hal-01026129, HAL.
    17. James Austin & Howard Stevenson & Jane Wei–Skillern, 2006. "Social and Commercial Entrepreneurship: Same, Different, or Both?," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 30(1), pages 1-22, January.
    18. Michael T. Hannan & László Pólos & Glenn R. Carroll, 2007. "Language Matters, from Logics of Organization Theory: Audiences, Codes, and Ecologies," Introductory Chapters, in: Logics of Organization Theory: Audiences, Codes, and Ecologies, Princeton University Press.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Theodor Vladasel & Simon C. Parker & Randolph Sloof & Mirjam van Praag, 2024. "Revenue drift, incentives, and effort allocation in social enterprises," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(3), pages 630-651, August.
    2. Cecilia Ficco & Paola Bersía & Cecilia Bressan & Edila Eudemia Herrera-Rodríguez, 2023. "Contribution of Argentinian B Corporations to Sustainable Development Goals: Empirical Analysis Based on Their Practices and Solutions to Socioenvironmental Problems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-19, December.
    3. Nitha Palakshappa & Sarah Dodds & Suzanne Grant, 2024. "Tension and Paradox in Women-Oriented Sustainable Hybrid Organizations: A Duality of Ethics," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 190(2), pages 327-346, March.
    4. Valerie Paelman & Philippe Van Cauwenberge & Heidi Vander Bauwhede, 2021. "The Impact of B Corp Certification on Growth," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-16, June.
    5. Jay Sheppard & Maral Mahdad, 2021. "Unpacking Hybrid Organizing in a Born Green Entrepreneurial Company," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-30, October.
    6. Navarro Ana Inés & Varvello Juan Cruz & Camusso Jorge & Soler María José & Arraigada Julián, 2024. "Sustainability and economic performance of startups in the AgTech sector: empirical evidence from Argentina," Asociación Argentina de Economía Política: Working Papers 4748, Asociación Argentina de Economía Política.
    7. Liliana Ávila & Luís Miguel D. F. Ferreira & Marlene Amorim, 2021. "What is different about social enterprises’ operational practices and capabilities?," Operations Management Research, Springer, vol. 14(3), pages 318-336, December.
    8. Vincenzo Riso & Mouhcine Tallaki & Enrico Bracci & Silvia Cantele, 2024. "The transition towards benefit corporations: What are the roles for stakeholders?," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(2), pages 904-916, February.
    9. Iluminada Fuertes‐Fuertes & J. David Cabedo & José Miguel Tirado‐Beltrán, 2024. "How do hybrid organisations use socio‐environmental impact information? An exploratory analysis in European B corps," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(8), pages 9181-9196, December.
    10. Rosaria Ferlito & Rosario Faraci, 2022. "Sustainable Hybrid Business Model of Benefit Corporation: The Case of an Italian Film Production Company," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-17, May.
    11. Mara Del Baldo & Federica Palazzi, 2023. "High-Growth Benefit Corporations: Leveraging on Intangibles—Insights from Italy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-20, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zineb Aouni & Marek Hudon & Anaïs A Périlleux & Tyler Wry, 2024. "Crowdfunding social ventures: who rewards (or punishes) hybridity?," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/367191, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    2. Zineb Aouni & Marek Hudon & Anaïs Périlleux & Tyler Wry, 2024. "Crowdfunding Social Ventures: Who Will Reward (or Punish) Hybridity?," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 48(5), pages 1191-1222, September.
    3. Zineb Aouni & Marek Hudon & Anaïs A Périlleux & Tyler Wry, 2024. "Crowdfunding social ventures: Who will reward (or punish) hybridity?," Working Papers CEB 24-004, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    4. Michael Lounsbury & Christine M. Beckman, 2015. "Celebrating Organization Theory," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 52(2), pages 288-308, March.
    5. Elizabeth George Pontikes, 2022. "Category innovation in the software industry: 1990–2002," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(9), pages 1697-1727, September.
    6. Rodolphe Durand & Robert M. Grant & Tammy L. Madsen & Gino Cattani & Joseph F. Porac & Howard Thomas, 2017. "Categories and competition," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(1), pages 64-92, January.
    7. Moss, Todd W. & Renko, Maija & Block, Emily & Meyskens, Moriah, 2018. "Funding the story of hybrid ventures: Crowdfunder lending preferences and linguistic hybridity," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 33(5), pages 643-659.
    8. Heewon Chae, 2022. "Income or education? Community‐level antecedents of firms' category‐spanning activities," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(1), pages 93-129, January.
    9. Paolo Aversa & Annelore Huyghe & Giulia Bonadio, 2021. "First Impressions Stick: Market Entry Strategies and Category Priming in the Digital Domain," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 58(7), pages 1721-1760, November.
    10. Nina Granqvist & Tiina Ritvala, 2016. "Beyond Prototypes: Drivers of Market Categorization in Functional Foods and Nanotechnology," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 53(2), pages 210-237, March.
    11. Diane-Laure Arjaliès & Rodolphe Durand, 2019. "Product Categories as Judgment Devices: The Moral Awakening of the Investment Industry," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 30(5), pages 885-911, September.
    12. Blake D. Mathias & Annelore Huyghe & David W. Williams, 2020. "Selling your soul to the devil? The importance of independent ownership to identity distinctiveness for oppositional categories," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(13), pages 2548-2584, December.
    13. Rodolphe Durand & Robert M. Grant & Tammy L. Madsen & Eric Yanfei Zhao & Greg Fisher & Michael Lounsbury & Danny Miller, 2017. "Optimal distinctiveness: Broadening the interface between institutional theory and strategic management," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(1), pages 93-113, January.
    14. Jade Yu-Chieh Lo & Mark Thomas Kennedy, 2015. "Approval in Nanotechnology Patents: Micro and Macro Factors That Affect Reactions to Category Blending," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 26(1), pages 119-139, February.
    15. Mark Thomas Kennedy & Peer C. Fiss, 2013. "An Ontological Turn in Categories Research: From Standards of Legitimacy to Evidence of Actuality," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 50(6), pages 1138-1154, September.
    16. Aaron K. Chatterji & Jiao Luo & Robert C. Seamans, 2021. "Categorical Competition in the Wake of Crisis: Banks vs. Credit Unions," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 32(3), pages 568-586, May.
    17. Laura Toschi & Elisa Ughetto & Andrea Fronzetti Colladon, 2023. "The identity of social impact venture capitalists: exploring social linguistic positioning and linguistic distinctiveness through text mining," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 60(3), pages 1249-1280, March.
    18. Vossen, Alexander & Ihl, Christoph, 2020. "More than words! How narrative anchoring and enrichment help to balance differentiation and conformity of entrepreneurial products," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 35(6).
    19. Pradeep Kumar Hota, 2023. "Tracing the Intellectual Evolution of Social Entrepreneurship Research: Past Advances, Current Trends, and Future Directions," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 182(3), pages 637-659, January.
    20. Tykkyläinen, Saila & Ritala, Paavo, 2021. "Business model innovation in social enterprises: An activity system perspective," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 684-697.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:kap:jbuset:v:167:y:2020:i:2:d:10.1007_s10551-019-04146-3. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.