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Implications of out-migration in rural agriculture: a case study of Manapang village, Tanahun, Nepal

Author

Listed:
  • Uttam Khanal

    (Queensland University of Technology, Australia)

  • Khorshed Alam

    (University of Southern Queensland, Australia)

  • Ramesh C. Khanal

    (Harlan Laboratories, USA)

  • Punya P. Regmi

    (Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Nepal)

Abstract

This study was undertaken to assess the relationship between agriculture and migration in Manapang Village Development Committee (VDC) of Tanahun District, Nepal. A total of 120 randomly sampled households were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Results showed that the average land holding size, irrigated land holding size, livestock holding, income from agriculture, and investment of household income in agriculture to be higher in non-migrating households than in migrating households, whereas total household income was higher in migrating households than in non-migrating ones. The marginal value productivity of labor was lower for major crops than the average wage rate for non-farm work. The size of abandoned land was higher in migrating than non-migrating households. The average share of remittances in household income was 62.50% in migrating households. Out-migration affected the total annual gross agricultural production significantly contributing 16.80 percent to the total variation negatively. A large proportion of the remittances were used for consumption purposes, but only 5% was used in agriculture. Findings of this study reveal that although migration has a positive effect on the overall economy in the rural households, agricultural productivity suffers as a result.

Suggested Citation

  • Uttam Khanal & Khorshed Alam & Ramesh C. Khanal & Punya P. Regmi, 2015. "Implications of out-migration in rural agriculture: a case study of Manapang village, Tanahun, Nepal," Journal of Developing Areas, Tennessee State University, College of Business, vol. 49(1), pages 331-352, January-M.
    • Handle: RePEc:jda:journl:vol.49:year:2015:issue1:pp:331-352
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Mohammed, Kamaldeen & Batung, Evans & Saaka, Sulemana Ansumah & Kansanga, Moses Mosonsieyiri & Luginaah, Isaac, 2023. "Determinants of mechanized technology adoption in smallholder agriculture: Implications for agricultural policy," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
    2. Chami, Ralph. & Ernst, Ekkehard & Fullenkamp, Connel. & Oeking, Anne., 2018. "Are remittances good for labor markets in LICs, MICs and Fragile States?," ILO Working Papers 994987690202676, International Labour Organization.
    3. Paudel, Gokul P. & KC, Dilli Bahadur & Rahut, Dil Bahadur & Khanal, Narayan P. & Justice, Scott E. & McDonald, Andrew J., 2019. "Smallholder farmers' willingness to pay for scale-appropriate farm mechanization: Evidence from the mid-hills of Nepal," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    4. Paudel, Gokul P. & KC, Dilli Bahadur & Rahut, Dil Bahadur & Justice, Scott E. & McDonald, Andrew J., 2019. "Scale-appropriate mechanization impacts on productivity among smallholders: Evidence from rice systems in the mid-hills of Nepal," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 104-113.
    5. Aryal, Jeetendra Prakash & Rahut, Dil Bahadur & Thapa, Ganesh & Simtowe, Franklin, 2021. "Mechanisation of small-scale farms in South Asia: Empirical evidence derived from farm households survey," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    6. Uttam Khanal & Clevo Wilson & Boon L. Lee & Viet-Ngu Hoang, 2018. "Climate change adaptation strategies and food productivity in Nepal: a counterfactual analysis," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 148(4), pages 575-590, June.
    7. Bhawana, KC & Race, Digby, 2020. "Women’s approach to farming in the context of feminization of agriculture: A case study from the middle hills of Nepal," World Development Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 20(C).
    8. Kapri, Kul & Ghimire, Shankar, 2020. "Migration, remittance, and agricultural productivity: Evidence from the Nepal Living Standard Survey," World Development Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 19(C).
    9. Paudel, Gokul P. & Gartaula, Hom & Rahut, Dil Bahadur & Craufurd, Peter, 2020. "Gender differentiated small-scale farm mechanization in Nepal hills: An application of exogenous switching treatment regression," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    10. Uttam Khanal, 2018. "Why are farmers keeping cultivatable lands fallow even though there is food scarcity in Nepal?," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 10(3), pages 603-614, June.
    11. Bhawana KC & Digby Race, 2019. "Outmigration and Land-Use Change: A Case Study from the Middle Hills of Nepal," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-19, December.
    12. Shankar Ghimire & Kul Prasad Kapri, 2020. "Does the Source of Remittance Matter? Differentiated Effects of Earned and Unearned Remittances on Agricultural Productivity," Economies, MDPI, vol. 8(1), pages 1-15, January.
    13. Kedar Baral & Hari Prasad Sharma & Ripu Kunwar & Craig Morley & Achyut Aryal & Bhagawat Rimal & Weihong Ji, 2021. "Human Wildlife Conflict and Impacts on Livelihood: A Study in Community Forestry System in Mid-Hills of Nepal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-14, November.
    14. Furqan Sikandar & Vasilii Erokhin & Hongshu Wang & Shafiqur Rehman & Anna Ivolga, 2021. "The Impact of Foreign Capital Inflows on Agriculture Development and Poverty Reduction: Panel Data Analysis for Developing Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-22, March.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Emigration; remittances; labor force; agriculture; household income;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q01 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - General - - - Sustainable Development
    • Q15 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation; Agriculture and Environment

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