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Trade Liberalization and Environmental Pollution in Iran

Author

Listed:
  • Seyed Nezamuddin Makiyan

    (Yazd University, Deartment of Economics, Yazd, Iran)

  • Mahsa Saeedi, Mehdi Nejati

    (Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Deartment of Economics, Kerman, Iran)

Abstract

The environment is one of the main concerns in global policies and affects many other factors including the economy. Trade liberalization would affect environmental quality through its effect on production. This study aims to express the effect of the trade liberalization policy on environmental pollution in the frame of a multi-regional system model. Thus, the GTAP-E model was utilized for the year 2019, so that the environmental consequences (in terms of measurement of CO2 emission) could be studied as the result of reducing the tariffs on import in the forms of two scenarios. In the first scenario, the import tariff on agricultural, industry and services products was reduced by 5%, and in the second scenario, the import tariff on the agricultural, industry and services sectors was reduced by 5%, 10% and 15%, respectively. The results obtained in both cases indicate a reduction in the effect of scale, technique and composition. The results indicate that an import tariff reduction in the various sectors of the economy reduces pollution emissions and its effects improve the environment. The second scenario has a greater effect on the different sectors and also is closer to the reality of Iran’s economy.

Suggested Citation

  • Seyed Nezamuddin Makiyan & Mahsa Saeedi, Mehdi Nejati, 2022. "Trade Liberalization and Environmental Pollution in Iran," Journal of Economic Policy Researches, Istanbul University, Faculty of Economics, vol. 9(2), pages 557-573, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:ist:iujepr:v:9:y:2022:i:2:p:557-573
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Trade liberalization; Environment pollution; CO2 emission; Global trade analysis project model; Tariff JEL Classification : F13 ; Q53 ; C68;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • Q53 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling
    • C68 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Computable General Equilibrium Models

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