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Agency or Wholesale? The Role of Retail Pass-Through

Author

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  • Honggang Hu

    (Advanced Institute of Business, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China)

  • Quan Zheng

    (International Institute of Finance, School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China)

  • Xiajun Amy Pan

    (Warrington College of Business, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611)

Abstract

With the rapid growth of e-commerce, agency selling is currently gaining popularity among online retailers (e-tailers). Prior research implicitly abstracts away cross-brand pass-through under traditional wholesale selling (i.e., how the retail price of another brand adjusts to changes in a given brand’s wholesale price) and suggests that a shift to agency selling benefits e-tailers but harms suppliers. As an important counterweight to this result, we discover that an e-tailer’s choice regarding selling format is critically moderated by retail pass-through behavior. On the one hand, agency selling can improve channel efficiency compared with wholesale selling. On the other hand, the relative intensity of supplier competition between these two selling formats is ambiguous. We show that the existing result applies only for a nonnegative cross-brand pass-through rate (e.g., under linear demands); otherwise (e.g., under multiplicative or exponential demands), the opposite may hold. Interestingly, we find that the conflict over the preference of selling format may not arise, and that all channel members could be better off with wholesale selling. Compared with the case of Bertrand competition, the e-tailer is even more likely to adopt wholesale selling under Cournot competition. Finally, under agency selling with an endogenous commission fee, we advise caution regarding the seemingly innocuous normalization of suppliers’ marginal costs. Surprisingly, suppliers may benefit from higher marginal costs. Overall, our findings not only shed light on the theory of agency selling but also provide a plausible explanation for the observation that wholesale selling continues to prevail in online markets.

Suggested Citation

  • Honggang Hu & Quan Zheng & Xiajun Amy Pan, 2022. "Agency or Wholesale? The Role of Retail Pass-Through," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(10), pages 7538-7554, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:inm:ormnsc:v:68:y:2022:i:10:p:7538-7554
    DOI: 10.1287/mnsc.2021.4262
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Pei, Yiying & Li, Min, 2023. "The effects of information on competition on a hybrid retail platform," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
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    3. Liu, Yang & Lu, Jizhou & Yan, Nina, 2024. "Agency or reselling? Supplier’s online channel strategies with platform financing," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 318(3), pages 1014-1027.
    4. Wang, Wei & Feng, Lipan & Chen, Xiaoxu & Yang, Lei & Choi, Tsan-Ming, 2024. "Impacts of selling models: Who should offer trade-in programs in e-commerce supply chains?," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 186(C).
    5. Cao, Kaiying & Xu, Yuqiu & Hua, Ye & Choi, Tsan-Ming, 2023. "Supplier or co-optor: Optimal channel and logistics selection problems on retail platforms," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 311(3), pages 971-988.
    6. Tang, Yuanzhao & Perera, Sandun C. & Cao, Qingning & Ji, Xiang, 2023. "Supplier versus platform bundling: Optimal strategies under agency selling," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
    7. Gong, Canran & Ignatius, Joshua & Song, Huaming & Chai, Junwu & Day, Steven James, 2024. "The Impact of Platform’s Information Sharing on Manufacturer Encroachment and Selling Format Decision," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 317(1), pages 141-155.
    8. Liang, Lunhai & Ye, Fei, 2024. "Information transparency and business mode selection in online platforms under manufacturer competition," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).

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