IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/inm/orisre/v27y2016i3p517-537.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Managing Co-Creation in Information Technology Projects: A Differential Games Approach

Author

Listed:
  • Emre M. Demirezen

    (School of Management, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902)

  • Subodha Kumar

    (Mays Business School, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843)

  • Bala Shetty

    (Mays Business School, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843)

Abstract

We study the relationship between a client and a vendor in value co-creation environments such as information technology projects. We consider that the client gets utility from the project throughout the development period and that the effort levels are not verifiable if not monitored. The output is contingent on the effort levels of each party, and we allow these effort levels to be dynamic. Hence, the client needs to optimally decide the terms of payment structures so as to maximize her net value. We analyze the performance of different payment structures and find the best one for the client in diverse settings. We show that the remaining time of the project and the client’s valuation of the project regulate the behavior of the effort levels and some other characteristics in the collaboration. We derive the conditions under which the client chooses not to monitor the vendor’s effort and operates in a double moral hazard environment. In addition, we find that the equilibrium effort levels or the values the parties gain from the collaboration do not necessarily increase when the output becomes more sensitive to either party’s effort. Based on the results of our model, we present several other managerial insights.

Suggested Citation

  • Emre M. Demirezen & Subodha Kumar & Bala Shetty, 2016. "Managing Co-Creation in Information Technology Projects: A Differential Games Approach," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 27(3), pages 517-537.
    • Handle: RePEc:inm:orisre:v:27:y:2016:i:3:p:517-537
    DOI: 10.1287/isre.2016.0636
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/isre.2016.0636
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1287/isre.2016.0636?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sugato Bhattacharyya & Francine Lafontaine, 1995. "Double-Sided Moral Hazard and the Nature of Share Contracts," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 26(4), pages 761-781, Winter.
    2. Jayashankar M. Swaminathan & Sridhar R. Tayur, 2003. "Models for Supply Chains in E-Business," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 49(10), pages 1387-1406, October.
    3. Aaron S. Edlin & Alan Schwartz, 2003. "Optimal Penalties in Contracts," Law and Economics 0303002, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Chul Ho Lee & Xianjun Geng & Srinivasan Raghunathan, 2013. "Contracting Information Security in the Presence of Double Moral Hazard," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 24(2), pages 295-311, June.
    5. Harish Krishnan & Roman Kapuscinski & David A. Butz, 2004. "Coordinating Contracts for Decentralized Supply Chains with Retailer Promotional Effort," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 50(1), pages 48-63, January.
    6. Guillaume Roels & Uday S. Karmarkar & Scott Carr, 2010. "Contracting for Collaborative Services," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 56(5), pages 849-863, May.
    7. Panagiotis Kouvelis & Martin A. Lariviere, 2000. "Decentralizing Cross-Functional Decisions: Coordination Through Internal Markets," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 46(8), pages 1049-1058, August.
    8. Michael L. Harris & Rosann Webb Collins & Alan R. Hevner, 2009. "Control of Flexible Software Development Under Uncertainty," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 20(3), pages 400-419, September.
    9. Arup Bose & Debashis Pal & David E. M. Sappington, 2011. "On the Performance of Linear Contracts," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 20(1), pages 159-193, March.
    10. Anandasivam Gopal & Konduru Sivaramakrishnan & M. S. Krishnan & Tridas Mukhopadhyay, 2003. "Contracts in Offshore Software Development: An Empirical Analysis," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 49(12), pages 1671-1683, December.
    11. Sang-Hyun Kim & Serguei Netessine, 2013. "Collaborative Cost Reduction and Component Procurement Under Information Asymmetry," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 59(1), pages 189-206, November.
    12. Pearce, David G. & Stacchetti, Ennio, 1998. "The Interaction of Implicit and Explicit Contracts in Repeated Agency," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 23(1), pages 75-96, April.
    13. Dengpan Liu & Subodha Kumar & Vijay S. Mookerjee, 2012. "Advertising Strategies in Electronic Retailing: A Differential Games Approach," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 23(3-part-2), pages 903-917, September.
    14. Anjana Susarla, 2012. "Contractual Flexibility, Rent Seeking, and Renegotiation Design: An Empirical Analysis of Information Technology Outsourcing Contracts," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 58(7), pages 1388-1407, July.
    15. Morris A. Cohen & Jehoshua Eliasberg & Teck-Hua Ho, 1996. "New Product Development: The Performance and Time-to-Market Tradeoff," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 42(2), pages 173-186, February.
    16. Vijay Mookerjee & Radha Mookerjee & Alain Bensoussan & Wei T. Yue, 2011. "When Hackers Talk: Managing Information Security Under Variable Attack Rates and Knowledge Dissemination," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 22(3), pages 606-623, September.
    17. Vivek Choudhury & Rajiv Sabherwal, 2003. "Portfolios of Control in Outsourced Software Development Projects," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 14(3), pages 291-314, September.
    18. Huseyin Cavusoglu & Birendra Mishra & Srinivasan Raghunathan, 2005. "The Value of Intrusion Detection Systems in Information Technology Security Architecture," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 16(1), pages 28-46, March.
    19. Edlin, Aaron S., 2003. "Optimal Penalties in Contracts," Berkeley Olin Program in Law & Economics, Working Paper Series qt2w81s277, Berkeley Olin Program in Law & Economics.
    20. Anjana Susarla & Ramanath Subramanyam & Prasanna Karhade, 2010. "Contractual Provisions to Mitigate Holdup: Evidence from Information Technology Outsourcing," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 21(1), pages 37-55, March.
    21. Deepa Mani & Anitesh Barua & Andrew B. Whinston, 2012. "An Empirical Analysis of the Contractual and Information Structures of Business Process Outsourcing Relationships," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 23(3-part-1), pages 618-634, September.
    22. Feryal Erhun & Pinar Keskinocak, 2011. "Collaborative Supply Chain Management," International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, in: Karl G. Kempf & Pınar Keskinocak & Reha Uzsoy (ed.), Planning Production and Inventories in the Extended Enterprise, chapter 0, pages 233-268, Springer.
    23. Andy A. Tsay & Narendra Agrawal, 2000. "Channel Dynamics Under Price and Service Competition," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 2(4), pages 372-391, August.
    24. Erica L. Plambeck & Terry A. Taylor, 2006. "Partnership in a Dynamic Production System with Unobservable Actions and Noncontractible Output," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 52(10), pages 1509-1527, October.
    25. Dockner,Engelbert J. & Jorgensen,Steffen & Long,Ngo Van & Sorger,Gerhard, 2000. "Differential Games in Economics and Management Science," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521637329, January.
    26. Sorger, Gerhard, 1989. "Competitive dynamic advertising : A modification of the Case game," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 13(1), pages 55-80, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Shubham Gupta & Abhishek Roy & Subodha Kumar & Ram Mudambi, 2023. "When Worse Is Better: Strategic Choice of Vendors with Differentiated Capabilities in a Complex Cocreation Environment," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(5), pages 2833-2851, May.
    2. Prasenjit Mandal & Tarun Jain & Abhishek Chakraborty, 2021. "Quality collaboration contracts under product pricing strategies," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 302(1), pages 231-264, July.
    3. Shivam Gupta & Anupam Agrawal & Jennifer K. Ryan, 2023. "Agile contracting: Managing incentives under uncertain needs," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 32(3), pages 972-988, March.
    4. Ioannis Bellos & Stylianos Kavadias, 2019. "When Should Customers Control Service Delivery? Implications for Service Design," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 28(4), pages 890-907, April.
    5. Zhiyuan Wang & Zhiqiang (Eric) Zheng & Wei Jiang & Shaojie Tang, 2021. "Blockchain‐Enabled Data Sharing in Supply Chains: Model, Operationalization, and Tutorial," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 30(7), pages 1965-1985, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Emre M. Demirezen & Subodha Kumar & Bala Shetty, 2020. "Two Is Better Than One: A Dynamic Analysis of Value Co‐Creation," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 29(9), pages 2057-2076, September.
    2. Kai-Lung Hui & Ping Fan Ke & Yuxi Yao & Wei T. Yue, 2019. "Bilateral Liability-Based Contracts in Information Security Outsourcing," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 30(2), pages 411-429, June.
    3. Moussawi-Haidar, Lama & Çömez-Dolgan, Nagihan, 2017. "Percentage rent contracts between co-stores," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 258(3), pages 912-925.
    4. Shantanu Bhattacharya & Alok Gupta & Sameer Hasija, 2014. "Joint Product Improvement by Client and Customer Support Center: The Role of Gain-Share Contracts in Coordination," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 25(1), pages 137-151, March.
    5. Tian Heong Chan & Francis de Véricourt & Omar Besbes, 2019. "Contracting in Medical Equipment Maintenance Services: An Empirical Investigation," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 65(3), pages 1136-1150, March.
    6. Krishnan S. Anand & Manu Goyal, 2019. "Ethics, Bounded Rationality, and IP Sharing in IT Outsourcing," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 65(11), pages 5252-5267, November.
    7. Prasenjit Mandal & Tarun Jain & Abhishek Chakraborty, 2021. "Quality collaboration contracts under product pricing strategies," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 302(1), pages 231-264, July.
    8. Ravi Bapna & Alok Gupta & Gautam Ray & Shweta Singh, 2016. "Research Note —IT Outsourcing and the Impact of Advisors on Clients and Vendors," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 27(3), pages 636-647.
    9. He Huang & Zhipeng Li & De Liu & Hongyan Xu, 2022. "Auctioning IT Contracts with Renegotiable Scope," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(8), pages 6003-6023, August.
    10. Vaidyanathan Jayaraman & Zuoming Liu, 2019. "Aligning governance mechanisms with task features to improve service capabilities---an empirical study of professional service outsourcing in India," Operations Management Research, Springer, vol. 12(1), pages 19-39, June.
    11. Vishal Agrawal & Nektarios Oraiopoulos, 2020. "The Role of Decision Rights in Codevelopment Initiatives," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 22(4), pages 832-849, July.
    12. Guillaume Roels & Uday S. Karmarkar & Scott Carr, 2010. "Contracting for Collaborative Services," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 56(5), pages 849-863, May.
    13. Ravi Bapna & Alok Gupta & Gautam Ray & Shweta Singh, 2023. "Single-Sourcing vs. Multisourcing: An Empirical Analysis of Large Information Technology Outsourcing Arrangements," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 34(3), pages 1109-1130, September.
    14. Shubham Gupta & Abhishek Roy & Subodha Kumar & Ram Mudambi, 2023. "When Worse Is Better: Strategic Choice of Vendors with Differentiated Capabilities in a Complex Cocreation Environment," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(5), pages 2833-2851, May.
    15. Dengpan Liu & Subodha Kumar & Vijay S. Mookerjee, 2020. "Flexible and Committed Advertising Contracts in Electronic Retailing," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 31(2), pages 323-339, June.
    16. Wang, Yulan & Wallace, Stein W. & Shen, Bin & Choi, Tsan-Ming, 2015. "Service supply chain management: A review of operational models," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 247(3), pages 685-698.
    17. Ola Kvaløy & Trond E. Olsen, 2016. "Incentive Provision when Contracting is Costly," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 83(332), pages 741-767, October.
    18. Tian Chan & Francis de Véricourt & Omar Besbes, 2014. "Contracting in medical equipment maintenance services: An empirical investigation," ESMT Research Working Papers ESMT-14-05, ESMT European School of Management and Technology.
    19. Cuihong Li, 2013. "Sourcing for Supplier Effort and Competition: Design of the Supply Base and Pricing Mechanism," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 59(6), pages 1389-1406, June.
    20. Ma, Peng & Wang, Haiyan & Shang, Jennifer, 2013. "Contract design for two-stage supply chain coordination: Integrating manufacturer-quality and retailer-marketing efforts," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(2), pages 745-755.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:inm:orisre:v:27:y:2016:i:3:p:517-537. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Chris Asher (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/inforea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.