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Impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en los precios de la gasolina y el gas natural en las principales economías de Latinoamérica

Author

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  • Ricardo Jacob Mendoza-Rivera

    (Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México)

  • Francisco Venegas-Martínez

    (Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico)

Abstract

El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar el impacto de la pandemia COVID-19, medida a través del índice de fatalidad, en los precios de la gasolina y el gas natural en las principales economías en Latinoamérica: Brasil, México, Colombia, Perú, Chile y Uruguay. Estas economías no sólo son las mas grandes de la región, sino también las más afectadas por la pandemia de COVID-19. Asimismo, estos países han mostrado, en las últimas décadas, una demanda ascendente de gasolina y gas natural. Esta investigación utiliza diversos modelos de datos panel con datos semanales (febrero 2020-febrero 2021). Los modelos de datos panel de efectos aleatorios a dos vías sugieren evidencia empírica de que las tasas de crecimiento de los índices de fatalidad, para todos los países en la muestra, tienen efectos negativos únicamente en las tasas de crecimiento de los precios de gasolina; sin ningún efecto en el precio del gas. En esta investigación, el tipo de cambio es utilizado como variable de control por su relación con los precios de los hidrocarburos. Los datos empleados en el análisis son oficiales sin considerar el exceso de mortalidad por la causa específica del COVID-19. Este tipo de análisis en Latinoamérica, hasta donde los autores saben, es novedoso y contribuye a la discusión de coyuntura entre la crisis de salud y su relación con la volatilidad de los precios de los energéticos.

Suggested Citation

  • Ricardo Jacob Mendoza-Rivera & Francisco Venegas-Martínez, 2021. "Impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en los precios de la gasolina y el gas natural en las principales economías de Latinoamérica," Remef - Revista Mexicana de Economía y Finanzas Nueva Época REMEF (The Mexican Journal of Economics and Finance), Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas, IMEF, vol. 16(3), pages 1-22, Julio - S.
    • Handle: RePEc:imx:journl:v:16:y:2021:i:3:a:8
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    gas natural; gasolina; tipo de cambio; modelos de datos panel; COVID-19;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q41 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Demand and Supply; Prices
    • F31 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Exchange
    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models

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